Increasing the carbon stored in soils is promoted as a technology to mitigate climate change, but the potential for sequestration (long-term storage) in the vast area of rangelands is debated. Our review of research in Australia’s rangelands found few field or modelling studies with robust data on soil carbon sequestration linked to new management. We conclude that the potential for sequestration is likely modest and present recommendations to increase confidence in management strategies for climate change benefits and sustainable productivity.

This article belongs to the Collection Carbon and Environmental Service Markets.

Land-use changes through carbon farming in Australia have the potential to deliver significant environmental, economic, social and cultural benefits to regional areas, especially in the rangelands. We review current initiatives related to carbon co-benefits in Australia, identifying over 20 separate schemes with distinct governance arrangements. Our findings point to the significant potential and value of carbon co-benefits in Australia; but nationwide policy frameworks must support this by harmonising approaches, standardising units and measures, and localising implementation strategies.

This article belongs to the Collection Carbon and Environmental Service Markets.

This study investigated how cattle producers in the Southern Rangelands of Western Australia can strike a balance between being profitable, protecting grasslands, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The researchers found that raising heavier steers for slaughter and running a conservative stocking rate leads to the lowest emissions, larger profitability and resilience to droughts. This approach benefits both the environment and producers, suggesting a win–win for sustainable cattle production.

This article belongs to the Collection 2023 ARS Conference.