Paramedics are increasingly attending low- and medium-acuity patients, and paramedics in our survey self-reported that at least half of the patients they conveyed to an ED were appropriate for a primary care pathway. Notable barriers to primary care referrals included limited access to suitable primary care and fear of organisational repercussions or litigation following non-conveyance. This research has important implications for the educational, practical and organisational support given to paramedics regarding primary care diversion for suitable patients.

Primary healthcare providers are usually refugee and asylum seekers’ first point of care in resettlement countries. Findings indicate direct professional experience characteristics influence healthcare providers’ knowledge and beliefs regarding refugee women’s sexual and reproductive health. Clinical practice changes and cultural competency training are needed to improve the preventive sexual and reproductive health care of refugee women and women seeking asylum.

The effectiveness of an asthma educational adjunct to standard management during a general practice visit is not well studied. A recent study in a Queensland general practice clinic examined the impact of a structured audio-visual educational session on asthma management and showed a significant improvement in Asthma Control Test scores in the intervention group compared to controls. This suggests the potential efficacy of such interventions in enhancing asthma control during general practice visits, although further multi-centre studies are necessary for conclusive evidence.

Hepatitis C elimination in Australia is stalling. Primary care nurses are in regular contact with people with/at risk of hepatitis C and have a unique opportunity to contribute to the elimination effort. This study interviewed primary care nurses to identify the individual and systemic enablers that support these nurses to work to their full scope of practice and contribute to achieving Australia’s elimination goal.

Opioid-dependent individuals face substantial oral health challenges influenced by both opioid effects and lifestyle factors. This study investigated the oral health status and quality of life among opioid treatment program (OTP) clients, revealing prevalent dental caries and inadequate oral cleanliness, resulting in physical pain and psychological discomfort that impacted their quality of life. This identified correlation between oral health status and quality of life highlights the critical need for timely intervention to enhance the health and well-being of clients attending OTPs.

Low cervical cancer screening rates in regional, rural and remote areas result in a higher rate of cancer diagnosis and death. General practice nurses when upskilled are able to address barriers to cervical screening, especially in regional and rural areas. Localised training courses may assist general practice nurses to be upskilled in their region.

Without effective treatments, with emerging variants and waning immunity, vaccination remains our primary defence against COVID-19. Maintaining high population immunity is crucial. Both health facility and community-based approaches to vaccination yielded high satisfaction during the pandemic. It is recommended that the government prioritise and optimise these programs for future vaccination initiatives, especially during public health emergencies.