Humpback whales frequent Gold Coast Bay, Australia, for breeding, resting, and migration, facing vessel traffic. This study used 4319 citizen science whale sightings (2011–20) to map whale habitats. Calving pods stayed near shore, overlapping with non-calving pods further in the bay. Vessels affected up to 80% of these areas, endangering mother–calf pods. Evaluating all bay-bound vessels is suggested to safeguard the whales.
MF23164 Abstract | MF23164 Full Text | MF23164PDF (8.2 MB) | MF23164Supplementary Material (1.2 MB) Open Access Article