Understanding rural adaptation to smoke from wildfires and forest management: insights for aligning approaches with community contexts

Catrin M. Edgeley; Jack T. Burnett

doi:10.1071/WF24016

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

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Understanding rural adaptation to smoke from wildfires and forest management: insights for aligning approaches with community contexts

Catrin M. Edgeley ^A ^* and Jack T. Burnett ^A

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 200 E Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.

^* Correspondence to: Catrin.Edgeley@nau.edu

International Journal of Wildland Fire 34, WF24016 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF24016

Submitted: 26 January 2024 Accepted: 6 January 2025 Published: 25 January 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Background

Rural communities are increasingly impacted by smoke produced by wildfires and forest management activties. Understanding local influences on smoke adaptation and mitigation is critical to social adaptation as fire risk continues to rise.

Aims

We sought to determine the role of local social context in smoke adaptation and gauge interest in adaptation strategies that might reduce exposure.

Methods

We conducted 46 semi-structured interviews with 56 residents and professionals in Parks, Arizona, USA, a rural community adjacent to public lands regularly affected by smoke.

Key results

Rural residents think of smoke as an acceptable risk. Efforts to adapt to potential health impacts are minimal, though inaction is driven by diverse reasoning and tradeoffs. Local social context – particularly elements related to government distrust, forest management, and independence – heavily influences interest in uptake of different adaptation strategies as well as affecting access to, and interpretation of, information about smoke risks.

Conclusions

Rural approaches to, and understandings of, smoke adaptation vary spatially and temporally. Public interest in broader forest management efforts can be leveraged to engage residents in conversations about proactive smoke adaptation.

Implications

Smoke adaptation strategies in rural communities must meld evidence of their effectiveness with community preferences grounded in local context to overcome inaction.

Keywords: community adaptation, forest management, health, protective action, risk mitigation, smoke, smoke adapted communities, social context, wildfire.

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