Using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to produce high-resolution centennial records of past high-intensity fires from organic-rich sediment deposits

Rebecca Ryan; Anthony Dosseto; Pavel Dlapa; Zoë Thomas; Ivan Simkovic; Scott Mooney; Ross Bradstock

doi:10.1071/WF23175

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

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Using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to produce high-resolution centennial records of past high-intensity fires from organic-rich sediment deposits

Rebecca Ryan

^A ^* , Anthony Dosseto ^A ^B , Pavel Dlapa

^C , Zoë Thomas ^D ^E , Ivan Simkovic ^C , Scott Mooney

^F and Ross Bradstock ^B

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.

^B Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, Institute for Conservation Biology and Management, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.

^C Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.

^D Chronos 14Carbon-Cycle Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.

^E School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.

^F Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

^* Correspondence to: rjr072@uowmail.edu.au

International Journal of Wildland Fire 34, WF23175 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF23175

Submitted: 26 October 2023 Accepted: 2 December 2024 Published: 10 January 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Background

Current observational or instrumental records of past fires are historically limited, and information on fire characteristics tends to be confined to the recent past.

Aims and methods

Here, we reconstruct a record of high-intensity fire events that extends beyond the historical record using carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy applied to swamp sediment deposits in the Blue Mountains of south-eastern Australia. Each site has a different fire history over the past 50 years, and the known fire record was used to corroborate fire signatures before extending the record.

Key results

FTIR spectra show an increase in the aromatic/aliphatic ratio for sediments corresponding to known fire events. Higher aromatic/aliphatic ratios suggest exposure to higher-intensity fire conditions. Conversely, the C and N content and C/N ratio show no association with known historic fire events.

Conclusions

Sediment deposition at one site recorded three major fire events during the past ~500 years. Sediments recording the most recent fire event show a more significant increase in the aromatic/aliphatic ratio, suggesting that this event burnt at a higher intensity than the previous two.

Implications

All sites show a promising extension of the existing fire record by decades to centuries.

Keywords: bushfires, carbon, fire history, fire intensity, FTIR spectroscopy, nitrogen, Southeastern Australia, swamp sediments.

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