Sagebrush steppe recovery after fire varies by development phase of Juniperus occidentalis woodland
Jonathan D. Bates A C , Robert N. Sharp B and Kirk W. Davies A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR 97720, USA.
B United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Burns District Office, Burns, OR 97720, USA.
C Corresponding author. Email: jon.bates@oregonstate.edu
International Journal of Wildland Fire 23(1) 117-130 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF12206
Submitted: 4 December 2012 Accepted: 19 June 2013 Published: 10 September 2013
Abstract
Woodland ecosystems of the world have been changed by land use demands, altered fire regimes, invasive species and climate change. Reduced fire frequency is recognised as a main causative agent for Pinus–Juniperus L. (piñon–juniper) expansion in North American woodlands. Piñon–juniper control measures, including prescribed fire, are increasingly employed to restore sagebrush steppe communities. We compared vegetation recovery following prescribed fire on Phase 2 (mid-succession) and Phase 3 (late-succession) Juniperus occidentalis Hook. (western juniper) woodlands in Oregon. The herbaceous layer on Phase 2 sites was comprised of native perennial and annual vegetation before and after fire. On Phase 3 sites the herbaceous layer shifted from native species to dominance by invasive Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass). After fire, shrubs on Phase 2 sites were comprised of sprouting species and Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. (snowbrush). On Phase 3 woodland sites the shrub layer was dominated by C. velutinus. The results suggest that Phase 2 sites have a greater likelihood of recovery to native vegetation after fire and indicate that sites transitioning from Phase 2 to Phase 3 woodlands cross a recovery threshold where there is a greater potential for invasive weeds, rather than native vegetation, to dominate after fire.
Additional keywords: Artemisia tridentata, Bromus tectorum, Great Basin, mountain big sagebrush, state-and-transition, threshold.
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