Fire is an essential component in many ecosystems. However, new fire regimes resulting from changes in climate conditions might threat the sustainability of processes and communities of those ecosystems. This Research Front addresses the interactions between climate change and forest fire regimes, their ecological impacts and consequences, and the role of landscape management to mitigate those impacts. The papers offer a contrast in approaches and concepts, and illustrate the uncertainties around the emergence of new fire regimes from multiple perspectives: the causes, the consequences and the management alternatives.