Using hydrological modelling to improve the Fire Weather Index system over tropical peatlands of peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo

J. Mortelmans; S. Apers; G. J. M. De Lannoy; S. Veraverbeke; R. D. Field; N. Andela; S. E. Page; M. Bechtold

doi:10.1071/WF24057

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Previous Next Contents Vol 34(2)

Using hydrological modelling to improve the Fire Weather Index system over tropical peatlands of peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo

J. Mortelmans

^A ^* , S. Apers

^A , G. J. M. De Lannoy ^A , S. Veraverbeke ^B ^C , R. D. Field ^D ^E , N. Andela ^F , S. E. Page ^G and M. Bechtold

^A

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, B-3001, Belgium.

^B Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1100, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.

^C School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.

^D Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

^E NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA.

^F BeZero Carbon, London, UK.

^G School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.

^* Correspondence to: jonas.mortelmans@kuleuven.be

International Journal of Wildland Fire 34, WF24057 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF24057

Submitted: 28 March 2024 Accepted: 20 January 2025 Published: 20 February 2025

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Background

Tropical peatland fires contribute to global carbon emissions and air pollution.

Aims

Enhance the globally used Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) system specifically over drained and undrained tropical peatlands in southeast Asia.

Methodology

We included simulated tropical peatland hydrology in the FWI, creating a new peatland-specific version of the FWI (FWI_peat). FWI_peat, the original FWI (FWI_ref) and the drought code (DC) were evaluated against satellite-based active fire occurrence from 2002 to 2018.

Key results

The DC shows superior performance in explaining fire occurrence over undrained tropical peatlands. Over drained peatlands, DC and FWI_peat show similar results, both outperforming FWI_ref. A comparison with an earlier study over boreal peatlands indicates much smaller improvements from FWI_peat for tropical peatlands, possibly due to a lower accuracy of the hydrological input data.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the importance of including information on deeper soil layers, i.e. the DC or groundwater table, when assessing fire danger.

Implications

Although this study offers a promising approach for operational fire management over tropical peatlands, we emphasise the need for further research to refine the hydrological input data and explore additional constraints from Earth observation data.

Keywords: Fire Weather Index, FWI, Groundwater table, hydrological data, PEATCLSM, peatland fires, southeast Asia.

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