Antiretroviral therapy: research, rollout and resistance
Angie N Pinto A and David A Cooper A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
The Kirby Institute
Wallace Wurth Building
UNSW Australia
Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Email: apinto@kirby.unsw.edu.au
dcooper@kirby.unsw.edu.au
Microbiology Australia 35(2) 79-82 https://doi.org/10.1071/MA14024
Published: 7 May 2014
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy has revolutionised the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Advances in research leading to the development of combination antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) have led to significant decreases in AIDS related morbidity and increases in life expectancy for individuals with access to treatment. The goal of ‘getting to zero:zero AIDs related deaths' now is within reach. Globally nearly 10million people have access to ART; however, further rollout efforts are required to reach the 34million people living with HIV sustainably over the long term. Changing paradigms see a broader scope for ART with a push towards earlier initiation, and even pre-exposure prophylaxis, with public health goals of preventing new infections. In Australia, collaborative research efforts, bipartisan political will and subsidised medication costs have allowed around 13000 people to be maintained on antiretroviral therapy. Despite this, the challenges of continuous lifelong suppressive therapy remain, as currently there is no cure. Poor adherence can lead to disease progression and drug resistance, limiting future treatment options. Antiretroviral resistance in Australia appears to have been stable, but changing epidemiology and evolving viral subtypes may impact these rates. This article will reflect on the advances in antiretroviral research, rollout and resistance in our region.
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