What is already known: Within the ‘apprenticeship-like’ model of general practice training operating in many countries, the trainee’s in-consultation recourse to real-time supervisor assistance or advice is considered to be essential for both patient safety and trainee learning. Some trainees, however, may feel uncomfortable presenting their concerns or questions to the supervisor in the patient’s presence and/or believe that patient impressions of their competence will be adversely affected by calling on supervisory assistance. What this study adds: Contrary to predictions of utility-based models of behaviour, we found no association of trainees’ documented in-consultation help-seeking with either (i) their beliefs about the impact of help-seeking on patient impressions of their competence, or (ii) their levels of comfort/discomfort presenting within the patients’ hearing.

What is already known: In-practice learning is central to GP registrars developing competencies within the apprenticeship-style model of GP training. Feedback followed by reflection is important for GP registrars’ in-practice learning. Patient encounter tools can provide clear in-practice feedback to registrars, yet little published evidence is available to support the use of such tools within general practice training. What this study adds: This study demonstrates that patient encounter tools, such as ReCEnT, can be useful for registrars’ self-reflection on their clinical practice and can lead to changes in practice and learning approaches. The relative lack of engagement between numerous registrars and their supervisors or MEs on ReCEnT feedback reports indicates a missed opportunity for supported reflection and suggests more work is needed on effective engagement for ReCEnT to be used as an assessment for learning in general practice training.

What is already known: There is a recognised shortage of dermatologists in New Zealand, thus innovative strategies are required to improve access to specialist care. Collaborative services between specialists and general practitioners already exist, but have not been widely utilised in the field of dermatology. What this study adds: This collaborative dermatologist and general practitioner clinic model is the only one of its kind in New Zealand. It acts as an effective triage service, as the majority of presenting patients do not require further referral to secondary care.

What is already known: Limited evidence suggests there are barriers to accessing psychostimulants for those with ADHD. This leaves many without the option to access and use the most effective medications. What this study adds: This research indicates that the use of psychostimulants is low. Although some fraction of the treatment gap might be explainable by other reasons, barriers to access remains significant.

What is known about the topic: There has been a general expectation internationally that GPs are to play a central role in the collection of family health history as part of precision medicine. However, for more than 20 years it has remained widely reported as being both poorly and infrequently undertaken. What this study adds: Family health history information was used to varying degrees – risk ascertainment, patient engagement with a diagnosis, social context and building relationships. Perceived low quality (unreliability) of family health history information and accessibility issues are potential indicators of current limits of family health history, especially as a part of precision medicine. An opportunity exists to establish specific roles to enable socio-culturally appropriate collection, storage and use of family health history information.

What is already known: In Australia’s apprenticeship-style model of GP training, in-practice learning and experience for GP registrars is central to the development of their confidence and clinical competencies. The Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) project is a patient encounter tracking and learning tool (PETAL) that has been shown to provide opportunities for GP registrars along with their supervisors and medical educators (MEs) to reflect on registrars’ clinical practice and identify their learning needs, leading to change in practice. There is limited qualitative literature on how registrars, supervisors and MEs describe the utility of workplace-based assessment tools such as PETALs, particularly within proposed programmatic assessment frameworks. What this study adds: This study builds on previous survey findings, providing greater depth of understanding from the perspective of GP registrars, supervisors and MEs regarding how ReCEnT can be useful as an educational and reflective PETAL tool for GP registrars during their training. Meaningful engagement between GP registrars and their supervisors and MEs enables ReCEnT to be more effective as a tool for learning in general practice training. More work needs to be done on how PETALs, such as ReCEnT, best fit within a programmatic assessment framework for general practice training.

What is already known: Diabetes-related foot problems affect around one-third of people with diabetes in New Zealand. Early identification of the at-risk patient is crucial in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers. Annual diabetes reviews (ADRs) delivered by general practice teams that include a comprehensive foot evaluation and risk categorisation are recommended by local and international guidelines.

What this study adds: People with type 2 diabetes identified important barriers to attending ADRs several of which are amenable to change. Participants provided suggestions on how to improve the delivery of the ADR in primary care, including the utilisation of Māori tailored models of care such as the Te Whare Tapa Whā model and Māori support workers.

What is already known?: Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is a challenging time, where healthcare professionals must consider health literacy, previous medical history, whānau, finances, and psychosocial factors. Current research states the treatment in primary care is suboptimal, compounded by clinical inertia, and that appointment times of 15 min are typically not long enough for sufficient diagnosis and treatment. What this study adds: The current system of educating and supporting patients in primary care is viewed by patients as unsuitable in terms of appointment times, education, and communication. Graphic, conversational, or imagery-based education methods are preferred to pamphlets, and written sources of information that are tailored to the individual are needed, and must reflect cultural context. More support is required in terms of healthcare practitioners’ relationships and culturally safe and compassionate patient care.

What is already known: Cancer screening programs (cervical, breast, and bowel) participation is generally low, especially in regional and rural areas in Queensland, Australia. What this study adds: This scoping review provides a suggested approach to understanding the known determinants of cancer screening participation to help influence the uptake among target populations.

What is known about the topic: This rapid review offers an evidence‐based synthesis of the existing literature concerning the evolving role of nurse prescribers. What this study adds: It provides valuable insights for the primary care interprofessional team, underscoring the potential of nurse prescribing as a solution to enhance diabetes care.

What is already known: Keratinocytic cancers are increasing worldwide. Teledermatology is a valuable tool for communication between general practitioners, dermatologists, and plastic surgeons. What this study adds: It describes the teledermatology diagnosis of 358 suspected keratinocytic cancers after e-referral, and pathways to excision by general practitioners, dermatologists, and plastic surgeons.