Ethics and equity in the time of Coronavirus

References

[1]  Willsher K, Harrap C. In a Paris banlieue, coronavirus amplifies years of inequality. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/25/paris-banlieue-virus-amplifies-inequality-seine-saint-denis?

[2]  Palmer B. Chart of the week: Covid-19 kills people in the most deprived areas at double the rate of those in the most affluent. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/resource/chart-of-the-week-covid-19-kills-the-most-deprived-at-double-the-rate-of-affluent-people-like-other-conditions.

[3]  Parahi C, Kilgallon S, Fyers A. Coronavirus: there were two quite different Covid-19 lockdowns in New Zealand. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/300011189/coronavirus-there-were-two-quite-different-covid19-lockdowns-in-new-zealand.

[4]  Herzog H. Ethnicity and job tenure in a segmented labour market: the case for New Zealand. Aust Econ Rev 1997; 30 167–84.
| Ethnicity and job tenure in a segmented labour market: the case for New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[5]  Newton K. Covid-19 deadlier for Māori, Pasifika – modelling predicts. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/414495/covid-19-deadlier-for-maori-pasifika-modelling-predicts.

[6]  Keogh B. Coronavirus concern: Covid-19 will thrive in New Zealand’s cold, damp homes. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/120584097/coronavirus-concern-covid19-will-thrive-in-new-zealands-cold-damp-homes.

[7]  Cousins S. New Zealand eliminates Covid-19. Lancet 2020; 395 1474
| New Zealand eliminates Covid-19.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[8]  Pilkington E. Black Americans dying of Covid-19 at three times the rate of white people. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/20/black-americans-death-rate-covid-19-coronavirus.

[9]  Hirsch A. Britain doesn’t care about health inequalities. For minorities, that ignorance is deadly. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/23/britain-ignorant-health-inequalities-coronavirus-black-people-dying.

[10]  Institute for Healthcare Improvement Multimedia Team. Community engagement is essential for developing COVID-19 crisis standards of care. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: http://www.ihi.org/communities/blogs/community-engagement-is-essential-for-developing-covid-19-crisis-standards-of-care.

[11]  Núñez A, Madison M, Schiavo R, et al. Responding to healthcare disparities and challenges with access to care during Covid-19. Health Equity 2020; 4 117–28.
| Responding to healthcare disparities and challenges with access to care during Covid-19.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[12]  Kukutai T, Barnes H, McCreanor T, McIntosh T. Recession hits Māori and Pasifica harder. They must be part of planning New Zealand’s Covid-19 recovery. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://theconversation.com/recession-hits-maori-and-pasifika-harder-they-must-be-part-of-planning-new-zealands-covid-19-recovery-137763.

[13]  Selkirk D. Why First Nations communities are uninviting visitors. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20200525-why-first-nations-communities-are-uninviting-visitors.

[14]  Espiner E. New Zealand must learn the lessons of the 1918 pandemic and protect Māori from Covid-19. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/26/new-zealand-must-learn-lessons-of-1918-pandemic-and-protect-maori-from-covid-19.

[15]  Coster A. Coronavirus: Iwi checkpoints were about safety, and discretion. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/121400826/coronavirus-iwi-checkpoints-were-about-safety-and-discretion.

[16]  Boyd M, Gott M, William L. et al. Covid-19 and care homes: the myths and realities. [cited 2020 June 5]. Available from: https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/news/2020/05/04/covid-19-care-homes-myths-realities.html.

[17]  Bauer A, Dixon J, Comas-Herrera A. End-of-life support for people in care homes in the context of COVID-19: international report. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://ltccovid.org/2020/05/01/end-of-life-support-for-people-in-care-homes-in-the-context-of-covid-19-international-report/.

[18]  Paterson R. Dying alone – Covid-19 and the right to support. [cited 2020 June 5]. Available from: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12324226.

[19]  Bathgate B. Out of Africa, and into locked down New Zealand. [cited 2020 June 5]. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/121407002/out-of-africa-and-into-locked-down-new-zealand.

[20]  Earley M. Coronavirus: new ‘underclass’ caused by Covid-19, Salvation Army says. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/121213925/coronavirus-new-underclass-caused-by-covid19-salvation-army-says?

[21]  Keogh B. Coronavirus: suicide, PTSD to rise significantly after Covid-19, report predicts. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/121052665/coronavirus-suicide-ptsd-to-rise-significantly-after-covid19-report-predicts.

[22]  Foon E. Covid-19 coronavirus: substance abuse, gambling spiked over lockdown. [cited 2020 June 5]. Available from: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12334748.

[23]  Baker T, Tumilty E, Hess K. Healing the urban-rural divide: why a ‘locals-first’ approach doesn’t work in a pandemic. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://theconversation.com/healing-the-urban-rural-divide-why-a-locals-first-approach-doesnt-work-in-a-pandemic-135301.

[24]  Bennett K. Covid-19 may hit rural residents hard, and that spells trouble because of lack of rural health care. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://theconversation.com/covid-19-may-hit-rural-residents-hard-and-that-spells-trouble-because-of-lack-of-rural-health-care-135765.

[25]  Santhanam L. ‘The worst is yet to come.’ How Covid-19 could wipe out many rural hospitals. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/the-worst-is-yet-to-come-how-covid-19-could-wipe-out-many-rural-hospitals.

[26]  Nelson F. The hidden toll of Covid-19. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: http://medicalrepublic.com.au/the-hidden-toll-of-covid-19/29012?utm_source=TMR%20List&utm_campaign=4b62aee9cf-.

[27]  Quinn R. Covid-19 coronavirus: up to 30,000 surgeries called off during lockdown. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/health/news/article.cfm?c_id=204&objectid=12325949&ref=rss.

[28]  Russell E. Covid 19 coronavirus: bowel cancer screening remains on hold during alert level 3. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/health/news/article.cfm?c_id=204&objectid=12326051&ref=rss.

[29]  Berners-Lee T. Covid-19 makes it clearer than ever: access to the internet should be a universal right. [cited 2020 June 5]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/04/covid-19-internet-universal-right-lockdown-online?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other.

[30]  Webster P. Virtual health care in the era of COVID-19. Lancet 2020; 395 1180–1.
| Virtual health care in the era of COVID-19.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[31]  Pidd H, Garside J. ‘We have had zero information’: GPs in the dark over Covid-19 tests. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/06/we-have-had-zero-information-gps-in-the-dark-over-covid-19-tests?utm_campaign=1393713_Central%20%26%20East%20England%20Weekly%20Digest%20-%2007%20May%2020&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Dotmailer&dm_i=49LX,TVE9,GBWR3,3NJ7J.

[32]  Crimmins F. How trigger-happy publishing is firing an information overload. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: http://medicalrepublic.com.au/how-trigger-happy-publishing-is-firing-an-information-overload/28466?utm_source=TMR%20List&utm_campaign=ccce720fb3-Newsletter_May_06_05_20&utm_medium=email&mc_cid=ccce720fb3&mc_eid=a229aa22ab.

[33]  Alexander D. Covid-19 and the disaster research gold-rush. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: http://emergency-planning.blogspot.com/2020/03/covid-19-and-disaster-research-gold-rush.html.

[34]  Piterman L. Ethics in the era of Covid-19. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: http://medicalrepublic.com.au/ethics-in-the-era-of-covid-19/28635?utm_source=TMR%20List&utm_campaign=9f0d10a43e-Newsletter_May_11_05_20&utm_medium=email&mc_cid=9f0d10a43e&mc_eid=a229aa22ab.

[35]  Fyfe J, Wilton P. ‘There’s no right way’ of responding to Covid-19 – bioethics expert. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.msn.com/en-nz/news/national/theres-no-right-way-of-responding-to-covid-19-bioethics-expert/ar-BB12eEBp?ocid=spartanntp.

[36]  Schmidt H. The way we ration ventilators is biased: not every patient has a fair chance. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/opinion/covid-ventilator- aaaaarationing-blacks.html?smid=tw-share.

[37]  Stramondo J. Covid-19 triage and disability: what NOT to do. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: http://www.bioethics.net/2020/03/covid-19-triage-and-disability-what-not-to-do.

[38]  Ward M. Are coronavirus triage protocols sacrificing fat people? Should they? [cited 2020 June 5]. Available from: https://www.ijfab.org/blog/2020/05/are-coronavirus-triage-protocols-sacrificing-fat-people-should-they/.

[39]  Wintour P. Coronavirus pandemic is becoming a human rights crisis, UN warns. [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/23/coronavirus-pandemic-is-becoming-a-human-rights-crisis-un-warns.

[40]  Edwards J. Even in extraordinary times, the right to privacy remains. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/16-04-2020/even-in-extraordinary-times-the-right-to-privacy-remains/.

[41]  King P, Cormad D, McLeod M. et al. Covid-19 and Māori health – when equity is more than a word. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://blogs.otago.ac.nz/pubhealthexpert/2020/04/10/covid-19-and-maori-health-when-equity-is-more-than-a-word/.

[42]  Dare T. The ethics of contact tracing apps. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.newsroom.co.nz/ideasroom/2020/05/06/1158576/the-ethics-of-contact-tracing-apps.

[43]  McLachlan L-M. Covid-19: contact tracing app may discriminate against Māori. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/416074/covid-19-contact-tracing-app-may-discriminate-against-maori.

[44]  Cheng D. Covid 19 coronavirus: Health Ministry’s supply and distribution of PPE to come under scrutiny. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12326407.

[45]  Vance A. Coronavirus: why aren’t we giving health workers more Covid-19 protection? [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/121084264/coronavirus-why-arent-we-giving-health-workers-more-covid19-protection.

[46]  Daly J, Jackson D, Anders R, Davidson P. Who speaks for nursing? COVID-19 highlighting gaps in leadership. J Clin Nurs 2020; 1–2.

[47]  Geanous J. Ten nurses suspended for after [sic.] refusing to care for Covid-19 patients without masks. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://metro.co.uk/2020/04/16/ten-nurses-suspended-refusing-care-coronavirus-cases-without-given-masks-12568129/?

[48]  Grote H, Izagaren F. Covid-19: the communication needs of D/deaf healthcare workers and patients are being forgotten. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/05/07/push-universal-mask-wearing-communication-needs-deaf-forgotten/.

[49]  Topping A. Sexism on the Covid-19 frontline: ‘PPE is made for a 6ft 3in rugby player’. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/24/sexism-on-the-covid-19-frontline-ppe-is-made-for-a-6ft-3in-rugby-player.

[50]  Chen K, Wang M, Huang C. et al. Air pollution reduction and mortality benefit during the Covid-19 outbreak in China. [cited 2020 June 4]. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(20)30107-8/fulltext.

[51]  Ministry of Transport, New Zealand Government. Weekly Covid-19 transport sector key indicators – 1 June 2020. [cited 2020 June 5]. Available from: https://www.transport.govt.nz/assets/Import/Uploads/Research/Documents/covid-19-transport-indicators-dashboard-1-Jun.pdf.

[52]  Johnstone F. Why Nightingale? [cited 2020 June 3]. Available from: https://thepolyphony.org/2020/05/19/why-nightingale/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=why-nightingale.

[53]  Boylston A. John Haygarth’s 18th-century ‘rules of prevention’ for eradicating smallpox. J R Soc Med 2014; 107 494–9.
| John Haygarth’s 18th-century ‘rules of prevention’ for eradicating smallpox.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |