Methoxylated and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface sediments from the southern Yellow Sea: spatial distribution and potential producers
Ying Fan A C , Jing Lan B , Jiaokai Wang A , Zongshan Zhao A E , Meixun Zhao A and Guibin Jiang D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education and Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
B College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
C Jiangxi Institute of Analysing and Testing, Nanchang 330029, China.
D State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
E Corresponding author. Email: zhaozs@qibebt.ac.cn; zhaozongshan@ouc.edu.cn
Environmental Chemistry 12(3) 366-373 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14243
Submitted: 15 November 2014 Accepted: 22 January 2015 Published: 22 April 2015
Environmental context. Methoxylated and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers are of increasing concern owing to their global distribution and potential ecological risks. We investigated the spatial distribution and sources of these brominated compounds in surface sediments from the southern Yellow Sea, China. The results suggest that marine phytoplankton may be the potential producers of these compounds, thereby providing new insights into their occurrence and provenance in marine environments.
Abstract. Methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have recently caused worldwide concern; however, there have been very limited studies on their presence in marine sediments. In the present study, MeO-PBDEs, OH-PBDEs and phytoplankton biomarkers were determined in surface sediments from the southern Yellow Sea. MeO-PBDEs and OH-PBDEs are ubiquitous in southern Yellow Sea sediments, with total contents ranging from 43.0 to 571.4 pg g–1 dry weight. High contents of these compounds mainly concentrated in the central southern Yellow Sea basin, and their spatial distributions generally presented a seaward-increasing trend. By comparing with total organic carbon and terrestrial organic matter contributions in sediments, these compounds were inferred to originate mainly from marine production rather than from terrigenous inputs. Statistical analysis shows that there are significant correlations between MeO-PBDEs, OH-PBDEs and phytoplankton biomarkers, indicating that MeO-PBDEs and OH-PBDEs are mainly natural compounds, and the phytoplankton are likely to be their potential producers in the southern Yellow Sea, especially for dinosterol.
Additional keywords: MeO-PBDEs, OH-PBDEs, phytoplankton biomarker.
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