Hydrocarbons in a coral reef ecosystem subjected to anthropogenic pressures (La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean)
Catherine Guigue A D , Lionel Bigot B , Jean Turquet C , Marc Tedetti A , Nicolas Ferretto A , Madeleine Goutx A and Pascale Cuet B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, F-13288, Marseille, Cedex 09, France.
B UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, LabEx CORAIL, BP 7151, Université de La Réunion, 15, Avenue René-Cassin, F-97715 Saint-Denis Messag, Cedex 9, La Réunion, France.
C Agence pour la Recherche et la Valorisation Marines (ARVAM), CYROI, La Technopole, 2, Rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
D Corresponding author. Email: catherine.guigue@mio.osupytheas.fr
Environmental Chemistry 12(3) 350-365 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14194
Submitted: 20 September 2014 Accepted: 18 January 2015 Published: 20 April 2015
Environmental context. Hydrocarbons are among the most widespread and harmful pollutants found in the aquatic media. Although they have been investigated in various temperate coastal environments, their dynamics in coral reef tropical ecosystems, which are under increasing human pressure, remain poorly understood. It was found that hydrocarbons had moderate to high concentrations, multiple origins (biogenic and anthropogenic) and could be used to track inland intrusions in fore reef waters of the eutrophicated La Saline reef ecosystem (La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean).
Abstract. The La Saline fringing reef, which is the most important coral reef complex of La Réunion Island, (south-western Indian Ocean), is subjected to anthropogenic pressures through river and groundwater inputs. Salinity and biogeochemical parameters (silicates, nitrates, dissolved organic carbon, chlorophyll-a), as well as aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in particulate and dissolved material from groundwaters, rivers, harbour, back reef, fore reef and oceanic waters in the La Saline reef area during the rainy season (February–March 2012). Particulate and dissolved AH concentration ranges were 0.07–144 and 0.06–0.58 µg L–1 respectively. Particulate and dissolved PAH concentrations ranges were 4.3–326 and 28–350 ng L–1 respectively. AHs, dominated by nC15, nC17, nC18 compounds or nC26, nC27, nC29, nC31 compounds, were mainly of biogenic origin (phytoplankton, bacteria, higher-plant debris) although some anthropogenic (petroleum inputs) signatures were recorded in the dissolved phase from the harbour and fore reef areas. PAHs, dominated by two- to three-ring compounds and their alkylated homologues, reflected unburned petroleum inputs, but probably also biogenic sources. From the distribution of salinity, biogeochemical parameters and hydrocarbons, we found that inland waters flowed mainly in the surface and in the southern part of reef waters and that particulate PAHs allowed tracking these inland water intrusions in fore reef waters. Finally, this pilot study highlights the uncoupling between the dynamics of AHs and PAHs in tropical environments.
Additional keywords: aliphatic hydrocarbons, groundwaters, La Saline fringing reef, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tropical environment.
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