Cyrenoidea Gray, 1840 is a superfamily of bivalves (Bivalvia: Imparidentia). Owing to inadequate sampling, a comprehensive phylogenetic relationship remains elusive. Moreover, taxonomy and delimitation for most species have not yet been examined by molecular analyses. Here, we provide a comprehensive phylogeny of Cyrenoidea and revise the taxonomic positions of the three genera Geloina, Cyanocyclas and Polymesoda. COI barcoding clarifies the validity of Geloina coaxans and Geloina erosa, and supports the existence of multiple cryptic species within the Geloina expansa complex. We also obtain a novel mitochondrial gene arrangement in Venerida from Glauconome virens.