Systematic revision of Brachypelma red-kneed tarantulas (Araneae : Theraphosidae), and the use of DNA barcodes to assist in the identification and conservation of CITES-listed species
Jorge Mendoza A B C and Oscar Francke B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
B Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Módulo D planta baja, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er circuito exterior, Apto. Postal 70-153, CP 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
C Corresponding author. Email: nomeireth@hotmail.com
Invertebrate Systematics 31(2) 157-179 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS16023
Submitted: 15 March 2016 Accepted: 16 September 2016 Published: 26 April 2017
Abstract
Mexican red-kneed tarantulas of the genus Brachypelma are regarded as some of the most desirable invertebrate pets, and although bred in captivity, they continue to be smuggled out of the wild in large numbers. Species are often difficult to identify based solely on morphology, therefore prompt and accurate identification is required for adequate protection. Thus, we explored the applicability of using COI-based DNA barcoding as a complementary identification tool. Brachypelma smithi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) and Brachypelma hamorii Tesmongt, Cleton & Verdez, 1997 are redescribed, and their morphological differences defined. Brachypelma annitha is proposed as a new synonym of B. smithi. The current distribution of red-kneed tarantulas shows that the Balsas River basin may act as a geographical barrier. Morphological and molecular evidence are concordant and together provide robust hypotheses for delimiting Mexican red-kneed tarantula species. DNA barcoding of these tarantulas is further shown to be useful for species-level identification and for potentially preventing black market trade in these spiders. As a Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) listing does not protect habitat, or control wildlife management or human interactions with organisms, it is important to support environmental conservation activities to provide an alternative income for local communities and to avoid damage to wildlife populations.
Additional keywords: DNA bar-coding, taxonomy, molecular phylogenetics.
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