Addressing patient alcohol use: a view from general practice

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: General practitioners (GPs) have the potential to promote alcohol harm minimisation via discussion of alcohol use with patients, but knowledge of GPs’ current practice and attitudes on this matter is limited. Our aim was to assess GPs’ current practice and attitudes towards discussing alcohol use with their patients. METHODS: This qualitative study involved semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 19 GPs by a group of medical students in primary care practices in Wellington, New Zealand. FINDINGS: Despite agreement amongst GPs about the importance of their role in alcohol harm minimisation, alcohol was not often raised in patient consultations. GPs’ usual practice included referral to drug and alcohol services and advice. GPs were also aware of national drinking guidelines and alcohol screening tools, but in practice these were rarely utilised. Key barriers to discussing alcohol use included its societal ‘taboo’ nature, time constraints, and perceptions of patient dishonesty. CONCLUSION: In this study there is a fundamental mismatch between the health community’s expectations of GPs to discuss alcohol with patients and the reality. Potential solutions to the most commonly identified barriers include screening outside the GP consultation, incorporating screening tools into existing software used by GPs, exploring with GPs the social stigma associated with alcohol misuse, and framing alcohol misuse as a health issue. As it is unclear if these approaches will change GP practice, there remains scope for the development and pilot testing of potential solutions identified in this research, together with an assessment of their efficacy in reducing hazardous alcohol consumption. KEYWORDS: Primary health care; general practice; alcohol drinking; alcohol-related disorders, attitude of health personnel