Factors influencing the variability in performance of cattle grazing tropical pasture

E. Charmley; G. J. Bishop-Hurley; C. S. McSweeney; R. Takeuchi; G. Martinez-Fernandez; S. Denman

doi:10.1071/AN24203

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Next Contents Vol 64(17)

Factors influencing the variability in performance of cattle grazing tropical pasture

E. Charmley

^A ^* , G. J. Bishop-Hurley ^B , C. S. McSweeney ^B , R. Takeuchi ^B , G. Martinez-Fernandez ^B and S. Denman ^B

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Mail Bag PO Aitkenvale, Townsville, Qld 4814, Australia.

^B CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.

^* Correspondence to: ed.charmley@csiro.au

Handling Editor: Luis Felipe Silva

Animal Production Science 64, AN24203 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN24203

Submitted: 21 June 2024 Accepted: 23 October 2024 Published: 12 November 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context

Whereas it is known that there is variation in liveweight gain (described as performance in this paper) within a group of grazing cattle, the causes of this variation are not well understood.

Aim

A 2-year grazing study in northern Queensland was conducted to understand the relative influence of diet selection, grazing behaviour and rumen fermentation on variation in performance of growing cattle.

Methods

Eighty-nine Bos taurus × B. indicus (~6 months old) growing steers were grazed as a group on mixed tropical pasture for 23 months. Pasture was characterised for biomass, species and nutrient composition. Cattle were ranked according to overall liveweight (LW) gain and the top (high performance, HP) 20 and bottom (low performance, LP) 20 head were compared for diet composition, rumen fermentation and grazing behaviours.

Results

Pasture biomass, and nutritive value of pasture and diet varied between seasons and years of study. The HP cattle achieved overall LW gains 20% greater than those of the LP cattle mainly due to higher rates of gain in the wet season. However, the nutritive value and rumen fermentation characteristics were similar for both LP and HP cattle, although there was evidence that crude protein and digestibility were modestly higher in diets of HP cattle, especially in the first wet season. Activity, measured as distance travelled, declined as pasture biomass declined, and cattle appeared to favour pasture with higher legume content.

Conclusion

It is concluded that divergence in performance of cattle on tropical pasture could not be fully explained by measurements taken in this study. Diet selection for plant components with improved nutritive value probably played a small role. Differences in initial LW between the LP and HP groups may have been a contributory factor.

Implications

Despite comprehensive measurements of factors that influence efficiency and performance on pasture, we were unable to identify definitive causes. Genetic variation in feed intake or efficiency of digestion needs to be investigated.

Keywords: animal performance, beef cattle, feed efficiency, grazing behaviour, intake, nutritive value, pasture, tropical.

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