Phosphorus chemistry in plant charcoal: interplay between biomass composition and thermal condition

Yudi Wu; Lois M. Pae; Rixiang Huang

doi:10.1071/WF23096

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

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Phosphorus chemistry in plant charcoal: interplay between biomass composition and thermal condition

Yudi Wu ^A , Lois M. Pae ^A and Rixiang Huang ^A ^*

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.

^* Correspondence to: rhuang6@albany.edu

International Journal of Wildland Fire 33, WF23096 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF23096

Submitted: 20 June 2023 Accepted: 29 November 2023 Published: 18 December 2023

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Background

Vegetation fire may change Phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems through converting biomass into fire residues.

Aim

The aim of this study was to understand the chemistry and mobility of P in fire residues to help reveal P thermochemistry during biomass burning and post-fire P cycling.

Methods

A combination of sequential extraction, liquid ³¹P NMR and P K-edge XANES was used to obtain quantitative P speciation and explain P solubilisation behaviours of charcoal.

Key results

Despite varying diverse P species existing in raw biomass, only two P structural moieties – orthophosphate and pyrophosphate – were identified in charcoal. However, relative abundance of pyrophosphate differs greatly among charcoal samples from different biomass types, ranging between 0 and 40% of total extractable P. Although P K-edge XANES data indicates abundant soluble phosphate minerals, most P (70–90%) is likely occluded physically in the charcoal. The bicarbonate-extractable P (the Olsen-P) varies significantly and cannot be explained by surface P concentration or elemental stoichiometry alone.

Conclusion and implications

The results suggest the importance of starting biomass P speciation (i.e. molecular structure and complexation environment) and thermal conditions in controlling P speciation and availability in charcoal. The different P chemistry between charcoal and ash suggests the importance of fire types and severity in disturbing the P cycle.

Keywords: ash, charcoal, elemental speciation, fire, mobility, phosphorus cycling, temperate ecosystem, XANES.

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