Estimating post-fire debris-flow hazards prior to wildfire using a statistical analysis of historical distributions of fire severity from remote sensing data
Dennis M. Staley A D , Anne C. Tillery B , Jason W. Kean A , Luke A. McGuire C , Hannah E. Pauling A , Francis K. Rengers A and Joel B. Smith A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A U.S. Geological Survey, Landslide Hazards Program, Golden, CO 80422, USA.
B U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Water Science Center, Albuquerque, NM 87113, USA.
C University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
D Corresponding author. Email: dstaley@usgs.gov
International Journal of Wildland Fire 27(9) 595-608 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF17122
Submitted: 16 August 2017 Accepted: 6 August 2018 Published: 24 August 2018
Journal Compilation © IAWF 2018 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Following wildfire, mountainous areas of the western United States are susceptible to debris flow during intense rainfall. Convective storms that can generate debris flows in recently burned areas may occur during or immediately after the wildfire, leaving insufficient time for development and implementation of risk mitigation strategies. We present a method for estimating post-fire debris-flow hazards before wildfire using historical data to define the range of potential fire severities for a given location based on the statistical distribution of severity metrics obtained from remote sensing. Estimates of debris-flow likelihood, magnitude and triggering rainfall threshold based on the statistically simulated fire severity data provide hazard predictions consistent with those calculated from fire severity data collected after wildfire. Simulated fire severity data also produce hazard estimates that replicate observed debris-flow occurrence, rainfall conditions and magnitude at a monitored site in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. Future applications of this method should rely on a range of potential fire severity scenarios for improved pre-fire estimates of debris-flow hazard. The method presented here is also applicable to modelling other post-fire hazards, such as flooding and erosion risk, and for quantifying trends in observed fire severity in a changing climate.
Additional keywords: hazard assessment, mass movement, risk.
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