Places where wildfire potential and social vulnerability coincide in the coterminous United States
Gabriel Wigtil A E , Roger B. Hammer A , Jeffrey D. Kline B , Miranda H. Mockrin C , Susan I. Stewart D , Daniel Roper A and Volker C. Radeloff D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Public Policy, Oregon State University, 300E Gilkey Hall, 122 SW Waldo Place, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
B USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
C USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5523 Research Park Drive, Suite 360, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA.
D SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 119 Russell Laboratories, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
E Corresponding author. Email: gwigtil@gmail.com
International Journal of Wildland Fire 25(8) 896-908 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF15109
Submitted: 3 June 2015 Accepted: 18 March 2016 Published: 5 July 2016
Abstract
The hazards-of-place model posits that vulnerability to environmental hazards depends on both biophysical and social factors. Biophysical factors determine where wildfire potential is elevated, whereas social factors determine where and how people are affected by wildfire. We evaluated place vulnerability to wildfire hazards in the coterminous US. We developed a social vulnerability index using principal component analysis and evaluated it against existing measures of wildfire potential and wildland–urban interface designations. We created maps showing the coincidence of social vulnerability and wildfire potential to identify places according to their vulnerability to wildfire. We found that places with high wildfire potential have, on average, lower social vulnerability than other places, but nearly 10% of all housing in places with high wildfire potential also exhibits high social vulnerability. We summarised our data by states to evaluate trends at a subnational level. Although some regions, such as the South-east, had more housing in places with high wildfire vulnerability, other regions, such as the upper Midwest, exhibited higher rates of vulnerability than expected. Our results can help to inform wildfire prevention, mitigation and recovery planning, as well as reduce wildfire hazards affecting vulnerable places and populations.
Additional keywords: environmental hazards, socioeconomic conditions, wildfire policy, wildland–urban interface.
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