Grassland and forest understorey biomass emissions from prescribed fires in the south-eastern United States – RxCADRE 2012
Tara Strand A G , Brian Gullett B , Shawn Urbanski C , Susan O’Neill D , Brian Potter D , Johanna Aurell E F , Amara Holder B , Narasimhan Larkin D , Mark Moore D and Miriam Rorig D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Scion, Crown Forest Research Institute, Forestry Building, Forestry Road, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
B US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27711, USA.
C USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Highway 10 West, Missoula, MT 59808, USA.
D USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 400 North 34th Street, Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.
E National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow to the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27711, USA.
F Present address: University of Dayton Research Institute, Energy Technology and Materials Division, 300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
G Corresponding author. Email: tara.strand@scionresearch.com
International Journal of Wildland Fire 25(1) 102-113 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF14166
Submitted: 14 September 2014 Accepted: 27 August 2015 Published: 17 November 2015
Abstract
Smoke measurements were made during grass and forest understorey prescribed fires as part of a comprehensive programme to understand fire and smoke behaviour. Instruments deployed on the ground, airplane and tethered aerostat platforms characterised the smoke plumes through measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) and particulate matter (PM), and measurements of optical properties. Distinctions were observed in aerial and ground-based measurements, with aerial measurements exhibiting smaller particle size distributions and PM emission factors, likely due to particle settling. Black carbon emission factors were similar for both burns and were highest during the initial flaming phase. On average, the particles from the forest fire were less light absorbing than those from the grass fires due to the longer duration of smouldering combustion in the forest biomass. CO and CH4 emission factors were over twice as high for the forest burn than for the grass burn, corresponding with a lower modified combustion efficiency and greater smouldering combustion. This dataset reveals the evolution of smoke emissions from two different commonly burned fuel types and demonstrates the complexity of emission factors.
Additional keywords: black carbon, combustion efficiency, emissions factor, particulate matter, smoke.
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