Understanding extractable metal species relationships with phosphorus sorption and organic carbon in soils

Bright E. Amenkhienan; Feike Dijkstra; Charles Warren; Balwant Singh

doi:10.1071/SR24118

REVIEW (Open Access)

Contents Vol 62(8)

Understanding extractable metal species relationships with phosphorus sorption and organic carbon in soils

Bright E. Amenkhienan

^A ^B ^* , Feike Dijkstra ^A , Charles Warren

^A and Balwant Singh

^A

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

^B Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.

^* Correspondence to: bright.amenkhienan@sydney.edu.au

Handling Editor: Melanie Kah

Soil Research 62, SR24118 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR24118

Submitted: 15 July 2024 Accepted: 6 December 2024 Published: 17 December 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context

Iron and aluminium oxides are important in phosphate sorption capacity of soils and preservation of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, there is a complex interplay between among Fe/Al oxides, SOC, and P in soils.

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the relationships between extractable Fe and Al, SOC concentration and P sorption capacity using generalised additive mixed models.

Methods

We compiled and analysed data from 77 published articles from Scopus and Web of Science.

Key results

Ammonium oxalate extractable aluminium (Al_ox) had astrong significant relationship (P < 0.0001) with P sorption capacity, but this was stronger with dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate extractable aluminium (Al_d). A positive 1:1 relationship between Al_ox and Al_d suggests that the pool of Al dissolved by ammonium oxalate and dithionite citrate bicarbonate (DCB) was nearly similar. A strong significant relationship was found between ammonium oxalate extractable iron (Fe_ox) and Al_ox, and SOC concentration, but Al_ox had a stronger statistically significant relationship with SOC concentration. This may be due to various interactions of SOC with Al oxides, which can directly or indirectly influence P sorption capacity in soils.

Conclusions

From these relationships, we show that: (1) that Al_d is a better predictor for P sorption capacity than Al_ox; and (2) Al_ox is a better predictor of SOC than Fe_ox.

Implications

DCB and ammonium oxalate extractable Al (and Fe) that represent Al in crystalline and poorly crystalline, or amorphous form of Al may be used as a routine soil test, and may be able to predict P sorption capacity and SOC preservation potential, particularly in acid soils.

Keywords: aluminium, ammonium oxalate, dithionite citrate bicarbonate, extractable metals, iron, phosphorus sorption capacity, relationship, soil organic carbon.

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