Fires and their key drivers in Mexico
Laura E. Montoya A B , Rogelio O. Corona-Núñez A C D and Julio E. Campo
A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 2075, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
B Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria), Coyoacán 04510, CDMX, Mexico.
C Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CU, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
D Procesos y Sistemas de Información en Geomática SA de CV, Calle 5 Viveros de Petén No. 18, Viveros del Valle, Tlalnepantla 54060, Mexico State, Mexico.
* Correspondence to: jcampo@ecologia.unam.mx
International Journal of Wildland Fire 32(5) 651-664 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF22154
Submitted: 9 July 2022 Accepted: 18 February 2023 Published: 14 March 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Background: Despite the regional and global effects of biomass burning at national and pantropical scales, little effort has focused on determining the influence of climate and socioeconomic conditions on fire regimes in tropical regions.
Aims: We explored the climate and human factors that explain remotely sensed burnt area and fire abundance in Mexico.
Methods: We used MCD64A1 data and climate and socioeconomic metrics to understand factors explaining the variation in number of fires and burned area.
Key results: The largest burned area (41.9% of the total) occurred in temperate forests, grasslands and hydrophilic vegetation, with numerous fire events of medium relative size. The next most extensive burned area (38%) was observed in croplands, with numerous small-size fires. The third group (17.8%) occurred in tropical forests, which had the smallest and most frequent fires. Finally, a fourth group (11.9%) was composed of shrublands, which showed the largest fire sizes and lowest-frequency events. The variability of burned area was related to variations in temperature and precipitation, poverty index, altitude, and distance to water bodies.
Conclusions and Implications: Our analysis suggests that an assessment integrating climate, human and topographic metrics predicts burned area and may improve fire forecasting in Mexico landscapes.
Keywords: biomass burning, burned area, climate, fires, fire frequency, human influences, key drivers, seasonal, spatial.
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