Effectiveness of fitness training and psychosocial education intervention programs in wildland firefighting: a cluster randomised control trial
Caleb Leduc
A B C D * , Sabir I. Giga D , Ian J. Fletcher D , Michelle Young E and Sandra C. Dorman A F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health (CROSH), Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
B School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 CY82, Ireland.
C National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, T12 CY82, Ireland.
D Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK.
E Aviation Forest Fire and Emergency Services, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6V5, Canada.
F School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
* Correspondence to: calebleduc@gmail.com
International Journal of Wildland Fire 31(8) 799-815 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF21126
Submitted: 9 September 2021 Accepted: 21 June 2022 Published: 25 July 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Critical to effective fire management is the protection and preparedness of highly trained wildland firefighters who routinely face extreme physical and psychological demands. To date, there is limited scientific evidence of psychosocial education intervention effectiveness in this context. The objective of the current study is to utilise a cluster randomised control trial study design to evaluate fitness training and psychosocial education intervention programs across a wildland fire season. Wildland firefighters (n = 230) were randomly assigned by their work location to one of four experimental conditions. Pre- and post-season assessments of primary (e.g. psychosocial risk factors, physical fitness and psychological capital) and secondary (e.g. work engagement, job stress and incidence of injury) outcomes facilitated comprehensive evaluation. The psychosocial education intervention program was effective at buffering participant appraisals of 12 of 13 psychosocial risk factors, namely: organisational culture, civility, psychological demands, balance, psychological support, leadership expectations, growth and development, influence, workload management, engagement, protection and safety. Participants in the psychosocial education intervention also reported lower stress relating to organisational support compared with those who not receiving the intervention program. Wildland firefighters receiving either or both intervention programs reported a significantly lower incidence rate of injury (9.9%) compared with the organisation’s 5-year average (16.0%).
Keywords: cluster randomised control trial, firefighting, health, human dimensions, injury, job demands-resources theory, job stress, mental health, physical fitness, psychological capital, psychosocial intervention, psychosocial work environment, wildland fire, work engagement.
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