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REVIEW (Open Access)
Contents Vol 75(15)

Closing the driver–response loop for halting and reversing wetland degradation and loss from agriculture

C. M. Finlayson https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-7289 A B C * , M. S. Fennessy D , R. C. Gardner A E , R. Kumar A F , M. P. McCartney https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2815 G and A. A. van Dam B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and Environment, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia.

B IHE Delft Institute of Water Education, Delft, Netherlands.

C Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

D Kenyon College, Biology Department, 202 North College Road, Gambier, OH 43022, USA.

E Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy, Stetson University College of Law, Gulfport, FL 33707, USA.

F Wetlands International South Asia, Module 003, NSIC Business Park, Okhla Industrial Area, New Delhi 110 020, India.

G International Water Management Institute, 127, Sunil Mawatha, Pelawatte, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka.

* Correspondence to: mfinlayson@csu.edu.au

Handling Editor: Donald Baird

Marine and Freshwater Research 75, MF24050 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF24050
Submitted: 2 March 2024  Accepted: 16 September 2024  Published: 18 October 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands has considered agriculture–wetland interactions, but without linking policy responses to agricultural drivers of change.

Aims

Assess the disconnect between the rhetoric of analysing and reporting on the role of agriculture in wetland loss and degradation (the ‘drivers’) with actions on the ground (the ‘responses’).

Methods

An analysis of almost 400 Convention documents was undertaken to understand how the Convention has addressed agriculture and what responses were identified. The documents were filtered through a word search for their relevance to the direct and indirect drivers of degradation in wetlands.

Key results

Although there was a focus on issues and problem framing and generic responses, they were insufficient to address the range of drivers underpinning agriculture–wetland interactions. They also present a generic and partial view of agriculture and broader food systems.

Conclusions

We make the following four recommendations for addressing the driver–response gap: deepening our understanding of the drivers in agriculture that affect wetlands; exploring and exploiting windows of opportunities within agriculture that are aligned with wetland use; enhancing our ability to work with indirect drivers; and ensuring that resolutions agreed through the Convention are more specific on key drivers of adverse change in wetlands.

Implications

The current impetus for ‘agriculture transformation’ creates an opportunity for the Convention to broaden its engagement in wetland–agriculture interactions and close the driver–response loop.

Keywords: agriculture transformation, agriculture–wetland interactions, direct and indirect drivers, ecological character, Ramsar Convention, transformative change, wetland degradation, wise use.

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