Gain and loss: reflection on the rapid development of National Wetland Parks in China
Yinru Lei
A B C D , Lijuan Cui A B D * , Wei Li A B C , Ziliang Guo A B , Manyin Zhang A B , Swapan Paul D and C. Max Finlayson D
A
B
C
D
Abstract
National Wetland Parks (NWPs) are a unique form of protected areas in China that have experienced a rapid increase in number from zero to more than 900 over the past two decades.
We examine the underlying causes of the boom in NWPs and assess their far-reaching ecological and socio-economic impacts.
Utilising GIS information and vector maps, we analysed the spatial distribution of pilot and approved NWPs from 2005 to 2019. Document analysis was employed to explore resource-orientated and legal drivers that have prompted the growth of NWPs.
China’s NWPs developed in three phases, namely, the exploration phase (2005–2007), the expansion phase (2008–2014) and the normalisation phase (2015–present). The demand for outdoor recreation and improved wetland legislation were the primary facilitators for the growth of NWPs.
The expansion of NWPs is an important contributor to nature conservation and ecological civilisation, yielding a range of ecological, economic and social benefits.
China’s experiences in NWPs offers valuable lessons and implications for global nature conservation. Implementing a long-term management mechanism for NWPs is recommended to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
Keywords: ecosystem conservation, legislation, national park-oriented protect area system, National Wetland Parks, rapid development, social impact, space distribution, wise use.
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