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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)
Contents Vol 75(14)

Are tuna always hungry? A deep dive into stomach-fullness measures in the western and central Pacific Ocean

Pauline Machful https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1926-8594 A * , Annie Portal A , Jed Macdonald A , Valerie Allain A , Joe Scutt Phillips A , Joanne Potts A and Simon Nicol A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Pacific Community, 95 Promenade Roger Laroque, BP D5 98848, Noumea, New Caledonia.

* Correspondence to: paulinem@spc.int

Handling Editor: Max Finlayson

Marine and Freshwater Research 75, MF23174 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF23174
Submitted: 7 September 2023  Accepted: 21 August 2024  Published: 16 September 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)

Abstract

Context

Understanding tuna diet and its drivers can provide valuable insights into the dynamics of pelagic ecosystems and their capacity to adapt to environmental and human-induced stressors.

Aims

To reconstruct tropical tuna dietary histories by using different metrics of stomach fullness and to assess their association with fisheries-related, environmental and biological covariates.

Methods

We examined stomachs from 8229 skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (T. obesus) captured in the western and central Pacific Ocean between 2001 and 2021, classified each on the basis of categorical and continuous fullness metrics, then built statistical models to gauge covariate effects.

Key results

Only models for the binary fullness metric (i.e. empty or non-empty) performed well. Tuna with empty stomachs were more likely to be caught on active gear (e.g. purse seine) and earlier in the day. Skipjack and bigeye tuna with empty stomachs were more likely to be associated with floating objects (e.g. fish-aggregating devices).

Conclusions

Our results add to the evidence that tropical tunas forage more effectively during the day and more actively when not associated with floating objects. At the individual level, tuna stomach fullness is highly variable.

Implications

Further research is needed to understand the factors governing this promising indicator of ecosystem change.

Keywords: behaviour, diet, feeding success, fisheries-related covariates, foraging, pelagic ecosystem, stomach fullness, tropical tuna.

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