Toxicity of trimethoprim towards marine microalgae: implication for environmental risk assessment
Weiyan Duan
A , Bo Su B , Pengfei Feng A , Chan Zhang A , Liqin Du A and Jiangyue Wu C *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, 066003, PR China.
B Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China.
C National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, PR China.
Marine and Freshwater Research 74(13) 1145-1153 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF23035
Submitted: 18 February 2023 Accepted: 12 July 2023 Published: 8 August 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Trimethoprim (TMP) is a common antibacterial medication used in human and veterinary medicine, including in aquaculture. Antibiotic misuse and abuse results in the antibiotic pollution of water and has attracted increasing attention. Antibiotics are frequently detected in water bodies and pose a certain environmental risk to the aquatic system.
Aims: Two marine diatoms, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum, were tested for toxicity to better understand the ecological implications of TMP in the marine system.
Methods: The routine static toxicity test method for microalgae was selected to be used.
Key results: The 96-h median effective concentration (EC50) values based on average specific growth rate (96-h ErC50) were >1.000 and >5.000 mg L−1 for P. tricornutum and S. costatum respectively.
Conclusions: P. tricornutum was more sensitive than S. costatum in its exposure to TMP, with a no observation-effect concentration (NOEC) value of 0.063 mg L−1. On the basis of the risk data, TMP poses a great risk to the aquatic system in certain countries.
Implications: The results of this study provide a better understanding of the potential ecological risks of TMP in the marine environment.
Keywords: antibiotcs, EC50, ecological risk, marine microalgae, median effective concentration, NOEC, no observable effect concentration, risk quotient, RQ, toxicity, trimethoprim.
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