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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Pilot application of drone observations and pigment marker detection by HPLC in studies of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in Bulgarian inland waters

Maya P. Stoyneva-Gärtner A , Blagoy A. Uzunov A E , Jean-Pierre Descy B , Georg Gärtner C , Petya H. Draganova A , Cvetanka I. Borisova A , Vera Pavlova D and Maria Mitreva D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Sofia University ‘St Kliment Ohridski’, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 8 Boulevard Dragan Zankov, BG-1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.

B Université de Liège, Unité d’Océanographie Chimique, Sart Tilman, BE-4000, Liège, Belgium.

C Institut für Botanik der Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

D National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Boulevard Akademik Ivan Evstratiev Geshov 15, BG-1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.

E Corresponding author. Email: buzunov@uni-sofia.bg

Marine and Freshwater Research 71(5) 606-616 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18383
Submitted: 1 October 2018  Accepted: 19 February 2019   Published: 14 May 2019

Abstract

This paper describes the first use of aerial observations by a drone as an additional means for choosing sampling points during field studies of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in selected Bulgarian waterbodies and the use of HPLC analysis of marker pigments for the fast determination of phytoplankton composition and biomass. The selection of waterbodies was based on the authors’ personal expertise and data collected over a 25-year period. In all sites chosen by drone, there were high levels of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins were present: microcystins (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR in Durankulak Lake and MC-LR and MC-RR in the Sinyata Reka Reservoir), cylindrospermopsin (in the Vaya Lake and in the Mandra Reservoir) and saxitoxins (in Durankulak Lake). The finding of cylindrospermopsin is the first in Bulgaria, the detection of saxitoxins is the first for Durankulak Lake and the microcystins records are the first for Sinyata Reka Reservoir. Considering the high total number of wetlands in Bulgaria, many of which are lowland, small and shallow and therefore vulnerable to CyanoHABs, we recommend further use of drones and HPLC in monitoring, which should speed up detection and reduce sampling efforts while enabling valuable information to be gathered.

Additional keywords: cyanobacteria, cyanoprokaryotes, cyanotoxins, cylindrospermopsin, microcystins, phytoplankton, saxitoxins.


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