Species composition and hybridisation of mussel species (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in Australia
Emi S. Ab Rahim A B , Thuy T. T. Nguyen C , Brett Ingram D , Cynthia Riginos E , Kim J. Weston A and Craig D. H. Sherman A F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Waurn Ponds Campus, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Vic. 3220, Australia.
B School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
C BioSciences Research Division, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Bundoora, Vic. 3018, Australia.
D Fisheries Victoria, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Alexandra, Vic. 3714, Australia.
E School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
F Corresponding author. Email: craig.sherman@deakin.edu.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 67(12) 1955-1963 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15307
Submitted: 8 April 2015 Accepted: 15 October 2015 Published: 5 January 2016
Abstract
Mussels belonging to the Mytilus edulis species complex have been the focus of numerous studies exploring the systematics and origin of this commercially and ecologically important genus. Species have wide geographical ranges and hybridise where their distributions overlap, making identification difficult. Several molecular markers have been used to distinguish between the species within the M. edulis species complex; however, no single marker system has been found to be completely diagnostic, and a combination of markers are used. Here, we used a combination of three nuclear genes and a mitochondrial gene region to assess the species composition of Mytilus mussels collected across its geographical range in Australia. Our results show that the majority (98.5%) of individuals sampled from Australian populations are Mytilus galloprovincialis, with 56.2% of them displaying a southern hemisphere haplotype, 10.3% displaying a putatively northern hemisphere haplotype, and 32% having M. galloprovincialis genotypes consistent with either northern or southern hemisphere M. galloprovincialis lineages. The taxonomic origin of the remaining 1.5% of samples (n = 3) could not be conclusively determined. Our results suggest that there have been significant introductions of non-native M. galloprovincialis lineages into both southern and northern hemisphere populations.
Additional keywords: biogeography, diversity, gene flow, genetic identification, hybridisation, speciation, species complex.
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