Influence of boat anchoring on Pinna nobilis: a field experiment using mimic units
Maite Vázquez-Luis A C , Joseph A. Borg B , Carlos Morell A , Gàlia Banach-Esteve A and Salud Deudero AA Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares. Muelle de Poniente s/n, E-07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
B Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta.
C Corresponding author. Email: maitevazquezluis@gmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 66(9) 786-794 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14285
Submitted: 16 May 2014 Accepted: 3 November 2014 Published: 18 March 2015
Abstract
Anchoring by recreational boats causes several different effects on marine habitats and species. The influence of boat anchoring on the Mediterranean endemic bivalve Pinna nobilis was assessed experimentally in the field by deploying non-biological mimic units of the bivalve around the islands of Mallorca and Malta. In each of these two localities, two study areas having different levels of boat anchoring activities, namely, ‘control’ (no anchoring allowed) and ‘affected’ (anchoring allowed), were used for the field experiment. A significant number of P. nobilis mimic bivalves were affected by boat anchoring; the influence was three times higher at anchoring sites than in control areas. Boat anchoring also had an adverse effect on Posidonia oceanica meadows, with seagrass cover, shoot density and global density being lower in the anchoring areas. Moreover, lower values of natural P. nobilis density and size classes were recorded from the anchoring areas.
Additional keywords: anchoring effect, bivalve mimics, coastal tourism, recreational boating, seagrass.
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