Assessing ways to combat eutrophication in a Chinese drinking water reservoir using SWAT
Anders Nielsen A B C G , Dennis Trolle A B , Wang Me D E , Liancong Luo D , Bo-Ping Han D , Zhengwen Liu D , Jørgen E. Olesen B C and Erik Jeppesen A B F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, PO Box 314, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
B Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing, China.
C Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
D Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
E College of Water Resource and Hydrology, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
F Greenland Climate Research Centre (GCRC), Greenland Institute of Natural Resources. Kivioq 2, PO Box 570 3900, Nuuk, Greenland.
G Corresponding author. Email: civil05@gmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 64(5) 475-492 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF12106
Submitted: 18 April 2012 Accepted: 6 November 2012 Published: 3 May 2013
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2013 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Across China, nutrient losses associated with agricultural production and domestic sewage have triggered eutrophication, and local managers are challenged to comply with drinking water quality requirements. Evidently, the improvement of water quality should be targeted holistically and encompass both point sources and surface activities within the watershed of a reservoir. We expanded the ordinary Soil Water Assessment Tool – (SWAT) with a widely used empirical equation to estimate total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in lakes and reservoirs. Subsequently, we examined the effects of changes in land and livestock management and sewage treatment on nutrient export and derived consequences for water quality in the Chinese subtropical Kaiping (Dashahe) drinking water reservoir (supplying 0.4 million people). The critical load of TP was estimated to 13.5 tonnes yr–1 in order to comply with the minimum drinking water requirements, which corresponds to 87% of the simulated load to the reservoir at present. Both the implementation of buffer zones along rivers and removal of sewage discharges showed marked improvement in reservoir water quality. Future research should focus on both hydrological model performance and nutrient transport pathways, which are challenged by a complex artificially altered water infrastructure in the form of ditches, channels and ponds in monsoon-influenced subtropical watersheds.
Additional keywords: agriculture, reservoir water quality, sewage, subtropical watershed.
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