Understanding the process of growth in cephalopods
Natalie A. Moltschaniwskyj
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tas. 7250, Australia.
B Email: natalie.moltschaniwskyj@utas.edu.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 55(4) 379-386 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF03147
Submitted: 19 September 2003 Accepted: 23 March 2004 Published: 22 June 2004
Abstract
Many cephalopod species grow throughout their lifetime. Critically, this means that they lack an asymptotic phase of growth, when, for a substantial part of the lifetime, growth slows and body size increases minimally. Understanding the form of the growth curve requires an understanding of the growth processes operating at several biological levels including the relative growth of organs, muscle fibre production and growth, and at the level of proximal composition and protein synthesis. There are key differences in growth processes between fish and cephalopods; cephalopods have a sac-like body form that provides greater surface area for respiration, continuous production of new muscle fibres that ensures a supply of somatic material for growth, and high retention of synthesised protein. These characteristics provide process-orientated explanations for non-asymptotic growth in cephalopods. However, differences found in growth curves of laboratory-reared animals (two-phase growth curve) and of wild animals (single growth curve) suggests that future work will be needed to resolve this paradox. We need to determine the generality of growth processes observed to date, and how biotic and abiotic factors modify these processes during the lifetime of the animals.
Extra keywords: muscle fibres, proximal composition, relative growth, reproduction, whole animal.
Acknowledgments
This review benefited from many conversations and discussions with several of my colleagues and two anonymous referees. I would like to thank, in particular, Gretta Pecl for her valuable comments and willingness to discuss ideas over the years.
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