Medical and veterinary mycology
Wieland Meyer A B , Laszlo Irinyi A C and Tania Sorrell A DA Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Medical School–Westmead Hospital, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
B Email: wieland.meyer@sydney.edu.au
C Email: laszlo.irinyi@sydney.edu.au
D Email: tania.sorrell@sydney.edu.au
Microbiology Australia 36(2) 42-43 https://doi.org/10.1071/MA15016
Published: 1 May 2015
Abstract
Fungi, the second most frequent eukaryotic organisms, are responsible for many diseases in plants, animals and humans. They cause significant problems and economic losses in agriculture, food security and the health system as well as having an impact of the biodiversity and ecosystems. Of the estimated 5 million fungal species, about 600 are known to cause human or animal infections, ranging from superficial infections of the nails and skin caused by dermatophytes, through mucocutaneous candidiasis to life-threatening invasive fungal infections caused by Candida, Cryptococcus and Aspergillus species, among others.
References
[1] Blackwell, M. (2011) The fungi: 1, 2, 3 ... 5.1 million species? Am. J. Bot. 98, 426–438.| The fungi: 1, 2, 3 ... 5.1 million species?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21613136PubMed |
[2] Fisher, M.C. et al. (2012) Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health. Nature 484, 186–194.
| Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmtVeqtb4%3D&md5=a8e99bd4c6ab5772af7faf09cb455b9cCAS | 22498624PubMed |
[3] de Hoog, G.S. et al. (2011) Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 3rd edn. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS), The Netherlands.
[4] Brown, G.D. et al. (2012) Hidden killers: human fungal infections. Sci. Transl. Med. 4, 165rv13.
| Hidden killers: human fungal infections.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23253612PubMed |
[5] Sobel, J.D. (2007) Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet 369, 1961–1971.
| Vulvovaginal candidosis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17560449PubMed |
[6] Menzin, J. et al. (2009) Mortality, length of hospitalization, and costs associated with invasive fungal infections in high-risk patients. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 66, 1711–1717.
| Mortality, length of hospitalization, and costs associated with invasive fungal infections in high-risk patients.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19767376PubMed |
[7] Bitar, D. et al. (2014) Population-based analysis of invasive fungal infections, France, 2001–2010. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 20, 1149–1155.
| Population-based analysis of invasive fungal infections, France, 2001–2010.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24960557PubMed |
[8] Nucci, M. et al. (2013) Epidemiology of candidemia in Latin America: a laboratory-based survey. PLoS ONE 8, e59373.
| Epidemiology of candidemia in Latin America: a laboratory-based survey.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXltFSrs78%3D&md5=0b1a171be3bc538f5b643158bd0da8b9CAS | 23527176PubMed |
[9] BCC Research (2014) Antifungal drugs: technologies and global markets PHM029D.
[10] Irinyi, L. et al. (2015) International Society of Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM)-ITS reference DNA barcoding database – the quality controlled standard tool for routine identification of human and animal pathogenic fungi. Med. Mycol. , .
| International Society of Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM)-ITS reference DNA barcoding database – the quality controlled standard tool for routine identification of human and animal pathogenic fungi.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25802363PubMed |
[11] Chen, S.C. et al. (2006) Active surveillance for Candidemia, Australia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12, 1508–1516.
| Active surveillance for Candidemia, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[12] Heath, C.H. et al. (2009) Population-based surveillance for scedosporiosis in Australia: clinical epidemiology, disease manifestations and emergence of Scedosporium aurantiacum infection. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 15, 689–693.
| Population-based surveillance for scedosporiosis in Australia: clinical epidemiology, disease manifestations and emergence of Scedosporium aurantiacum infection.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MrltVCmtA%3D%3D&md5=33b4a3bd90077c33859d1db8d2064dc2CAS | 19549223PubMed |
[13] Chen, S.C. et al. (2012) Clinical manifestations of Cryptococcus gattii infection: determinants of neurological sequelae and death. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55, 789–798.
| Clinical manifestations of Cryptococcus gattii infection: determinants of neurological sequelae and death.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22670042PubMed |
[14] Ellis, D.H. and Pfeiffer, T.J. (1990) Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28, 1642–1644.
| 1:STN:280:DyaK3czjvVCmsw%3D%3D&md5=8f2796161036753952400b09efb7baecCAS | 2199524PubMed |
[15] Carriconde, F. et al. (2011) Clonality and α-a recombination in the Australian Cryptococcus gattii VGII population – an emerging outbreak in Australia. PLoS ONE 6, e16936.
| Clonality and α-a recombination in the Australian Cryptococcus gattii VGII population – an emerging outbreak in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXivFGnuro%3D&md5=978ab520191ba030b5055b275e2f0a8eCAS | 21383989PubMed |
[16] Ngamskulrungroj, P. et al. (2011) Cryptococcus gattii virulence composite: candidate genes revealed by microarray analysis of high and less virulent Vancouver Island outbreak strains. PLoS ONE 6, e16076.
| Cryptococcus gattii virulence composite: candidate genes revealed by microarray analysis of high and less virulent Vancouver Island outbreak strains.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFWnsLg%3D&md5=7ed2bc40adf265b59e9580504f7e1a71CAS | 21249145PubMed |
[17] Chen, S.C.A. et al. (2014) Cryptococcus gattii infections. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 27, 980–1024.
| Cryptococcus gattii infections.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXitFGnurfL&md5=ce1d094030f59390d885fef14003c189CAS |
[18] Slavin, M.A. et al. (2014) Introduction to the updated Australian and New Zealand consensus guidelines for the use of antifungal agents in the haematology/oncology setting, 2014. Intern. Med. J. 44, 1267–1276.
| Introduction to the updated Australian and New Zealand consensus guidelines for the use of antifungal agents in the haematology/oncology setting, 2014.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC2Mzmt12rtg%3D%3D&md5=79a69dd728bee25fc6e9c9ccd59738a0CAS | 25482739PubMed |