Morphological and DNA analyses reveal cryptic diversity in Anentome wykoffi (Brandt, 1974) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand

Nithinan Chomchoei; Thierry Backeljau; Piyatida Pimvichai; Ting Hui Ng; Nattawadee Nantarat

doi:10.1071/IS23019

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

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Morphological and DNA analyses reveal cryptic diversity in Anentome wykoffi (Brandt, 1974) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand

Nithinan Chomchoei ^A ^B ^C , Thierry Backeljau ^D ^E , Piyatida Pimvichai ^F , Ting Hui Ng

^G ^H and Nattawadee Nantarat

^B ^C ^I ^*

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A PhD Program in Biodiversity and Ethnobiology (International Program), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.

^B Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.

^C Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.

^D Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Barcoding Facility for Organisms and Tissues of Policy Concern (BopCo), Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.

^E Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.

^F Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.

^G Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, 88450, Sabah, Malaysia.

^H Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, 117377, Singapore.

^I Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.

^* Correspondence to: n_nantarat@yahoo.com

Handling Editor: Gonzalo Giribet

Invertebrate Systematics 37(11) 755-771 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS23019

Submitted: 1 May 2023 Accepted: 6 October 2023 Published: 2 November 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

The assassin snail genus Anentome is widely distributed in South East Asia. In Thailand, the genus comprises at least six species, one of which is Anentome wykoffi, a species that may act as an intermediate host of parasitic trematodes. Recent fieldwork has shown that A. wykoffi is far more common and widespread in Thailand than has been assumed, yet the taxonomy remains poorly known. Therefore, this study explores morphological and DNA sequence (COI and 28S rRNA) variation in A. wykoffi to verify and finetune the taxonomic interpretation of this species. To this end, 12 populations of A. wykoffi were sampled in Thailand. This survey allowed us to preliminarily distinguish three putatively cryptic morphotypes. Shell shape measurements and geometric morphometric analyses revealed significant differences between these morphotypes, whereas SEM observations of the shell sculpture and radula confirmed the consistent separation of the three morphotypes. Finally, a combined phylogenetic and species delimitation analysis of COI and 28S rRNA sequence data showed that the three morphotypes represent three well-supported clades, one of which is sister group to A. cambojiensis. As such, the three morphotypes as defined by (1) the presence or absence of a carinated shoulder, (2) the number of spiral lines on the spira and (3) the pattern of the central cusps on the central radular tooth, are interpreted as three different species under the morphological and phylogenetic species concepts but also likely under the biological species concept, viz. A. wykoffi (sensu stricto), A. longispira sp. nov. and A. khelangensis sp. nov. The three cryptic species are (re)described and the implications of separation are briefly discussed.

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B39722E6-C915-4FA4-B03B-C15836B0DCAE

Keywords: biodiversity, Gastropoda, Mollusca, morphology, morphometrics, phylogeny, systematics, taxonomy.

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