Molecular systematics reveals multiple lineages and cryptic speciation in the freshwater crayfish Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) (Crustacea : Decapoda : Parastacidae)
Ivana Miranda
A D E , Kelly M. Gomes B , Felipe B. Ribeiro B D , Paula B. Araujo B , Catherine Souty-Grosset C and Christoph D. Schubart D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Departamento de Biologia Aplicada, Invertebrate Morphology Laboratory, Aquaculture Center Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
B Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
C Laboratoire Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
D Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
E Corresponding author. Email: yvanah@yahoo.com
Invertebrate Systematics 32(6) 1265-1281 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS18012
Submitted: 14 February 2018 Accepted: 8 June 2018 Published: 27 November 2018
Abstract
The characterisation of intraspecific genetic diversity in representatives of the South American crayfish genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 is here carried out for the first time by comparing populations of Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) as currently defined. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers indicate the existence of multiple lineages, of which only one can be considered as P. brasiliensis sensu stricto. In addition, there are seven other lineages, one of which is the subspecies Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis Fontoura & Conter, 2008, which is here elevated to species level. We thereby increase to 14 the number of recognised species within Parastacus in South America. Genetic distances among P. brasiliensis sensu stricto and the lineages ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ increase with geographical distances, suggesting isolation by distance as an important driver of diversification, and eventually speciation, in these burrowing crayfishes. Parastacus brasiliensis occurs mainly in the Guaíba Lake basin and studied populations show limited connectivity and gene flow, probably due to habitat fragmentation. On the basis of genetic and distribution data, the conservation status of P. brasiliensis sensu stricto is confirmed as Near Threatened (NT). These findings lead us to encourage the establishment of preservation areas for isolated populations. The importance of preserving the newly recognised distinct gene pools in order to maintain overall genetic diversity is emphasised.
Additional keywords: biodiversity, conservation, cryptic species, limnic ecosystems, multigenes.
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