Geographic patterns of phenotypic diversity in incipient species of North American blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) are not determined by species niches, but driven by demography along the speciation process
Vladimir Salvador de Jesús-Bonilla A , Mario García-París B , Carlos N. Ibarra-Cerdeña C and Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er. circuito exterior s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Copilco, Coyoacán, A.P. 70-233, C.P. 04510., D.F., México.
B Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, c/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
C Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
D Corresponding author. Email: azaldivar@ib.unam.mx
Invertebrate Systematics 32(3) 672-688 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17072
Submitted: 31 January 2017 Accepted: 23 October 2017 Published: 1 June 2018
Abstract
The Epicauta stigmata complex is a group of blister beetles composed of three parapatric or sympatric species that occur in central Mexico to southern USA: E. stigmata, E. uniforma and E. melanochroa. These species are morphologically very similar, and are mainly distinguished by body colour differences. Here we assessed whether phenotypic divergence in coloration patterns define evolutionary units within the complex. We studied the phylogenetic relationships, demographic history and concordances between morphological and ecological traits in the group. The complex apparently had a demographic history of recent population expansion during the last glaciation period 75 000 to 9500 years ago. The three species show no reciprocal monophyly, and thus their allospecificity was not confirmed. The current distribution of haplotypes and the genetic divergences in these taxa can be explained by either recent mitochondrial introgression events caused by hybridisation or by incomplete lineage sorting. Colour pattern differences in the complex are not likely a product of local selection acting over a common genetic background. We suggest that phenotypic divergence in colour patterns during an incipient speciation process might be seen as an enhancing factor of cohesion within each of the three evolutionary units.
Additional keywords: phylogeography, phylogeny, niche conservatism, population expansion, speciation, mtDNA.
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