The Antarctic ozone hole during 2015 and 2016
Matthew B. Tully A , Andrew R. Klekociuk B C J , Paul B. Krummel D , H. Peter Gies E , Simon P. Alexander B C , Paul J. Fraser A , Stuart I. Henderson E , Robyn Schofield F G , Jonathon D. Shanklin H and Kane A. Stone I
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
B Antarctica and the Global System, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas. 7050, Australia.
C Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, Tas., Australia.
D Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic., Australia.
E Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
F School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
G ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
H British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
I Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
J Corresponding author. Email: Andrew.Klekociuk@aad.gov.au
Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 69(1) 16-28 https://doi.org/10.1071/ES19021
Submitted: 22 January 2018 Accepted: 13 May 2019 Published: 11 June 2020
Journal Compilation © BoM 2019 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
We reviewed the 2015 and 2016 Antarctic ozone holes, making use of a variety of ground-based and space-based measurements of ozone and ultraviolet radiation, supplemented by meteorological reanalyses. The ozone hole of 2015 was one of the most severe on record with respect to maximum area and integrated deficit and was notably long-lasting, with many values above previous extremes in October, November and December. In contrast, all assessed metrics for the 2016 ozone hole were at or below their median values for the 37 ozone holes since 1979 for which adequate satellite observations exist. The 2015 ozone hole was influenced both by very cold conditions and enhanced ozone depletion caused by stratospheric aerosol resulting from the April 2015 volcanic eruption of Calbuco (Chile).
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