Dynamics of 2015 positive Indian Ocean Dipole
Putri Adia Utari A , Mokhamad Yusup Nur Khakim B , Dedi Setiabudidaya B and Iskhaq Iskandar B C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Graduate School of Environmental Science, University of Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, South Sumatera, Indonesia.
B Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir 30662, South Sumatera, Indonesia.
C Corresponding author. Email: iskhaq@mipa.unsri.ac.id
Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 69(1) 75-83 https://doi.org/10.1071/ES19002
Submitted: 17 December 2018 Accepted: 29 March 2019 Published: 11 June 2020
Journal Compilation © BoM 2019 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Evolution of typical positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) event was dominated by a significant sea-surface temperature (SST) cooling in the south-eastern tropical Indian Ocean. Interestingly, during the evolution of 2015 pIOD event, the SST in the south-eastern tropical Indian Ocean did not reveal significant cooling, instead anomalous strong SST warming took place in the western tropical Indian Ocean off the East African coast. This anomalous SST warming was associated with a weakening of the Asian summer monsoon. Furthermore, analysis on the mixed layer heat budget demonstrated that the evolution of the 2015 pIOD event could be attributed mainly to the air-sea heat flux. By decomposing the air-sea heat flux, it is found that reduced latent heat loss plays an important role on the SST warming in the western pole and keeping SST warm in the eastern pole. We note that a residual term also may play a role during the initial development of the event. In contrast to the SST pattern, the subsurface temperature revealed a clear positive dipole pattern. Shallow (deep) 20°C isothermal layer in the eastern (western) equatorial Indian Ocean was observed during boreal summer. This robust subsurface dipole pattern indicated that the subsurface ocean response was largely wind driven through the equatorial wave dynamics as previously suggested.
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