Role of phytoplankton in aquatic mercury speciation and transformations
Thibaut Cossart A # , Javier Garcia-Calleja B # , João P. Santos
A # , Elaheh Lotfi Kalahroodi B , Isabelle A. M. Worms A , Zoyne Pedrero B , David Amouroux B and Vera I. Slaveykova A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Bvd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
B Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l’Environement et les Matériaux, Pau, France.
Thibaut Cossart is a PhD student in Environmental Science at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. He has an MSc in Marine Biodiversity and Biomolecules from the University of Toulon, France. His research is focused on the interactions between phytoplankton and mercury. He highlighted the role of phytoplankton in the biogeochemical cycle of mercury by (i) evaluating the biotic transformations performed by a cyanobacterium and natural phytoplankton communities and (ii) determining the effects of thiol bioligands on the bioaccumulation of Hg species by cyanobacteria. |
Javier García Calleja is a PhD student in the Amouroux lab at the IPREM, CNRS-UPPA, Pau, France. He holds a BSc in Chemistry and a MSc in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry from the University of Oviedo, Spain. His research includes (i) development of mathematical approaches based on isotope pattern deconvolution for studying Hg compound reactivity in in situ Hg incubation experiments and (ii) characterisation of bioligands involved in Hg speciation in phytoplankton by hyphenated techniques based on elemental and mass spectrometry. |
João P. Santos holds a BSc in Biology, an MSc in Ecology, Environment and Landscape and an MSc in Marine Sciences from the University of Porto, Portugal. He worked with the nitrogen cycle communities until he started his PhD. Currently, he is a PhD student in the Slaveykova’s lab at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. He studies the interaction of diatoms and natural phytoplankton communities with different mercury species, and explores their capability to accumulate, transform and detoxify mercury. |
Dr Elaheh Lotfi Kalahroodi is a postdoctoral researcher in Environmental Geochemistry at the Umeå University in Sweden. Her research is focused on studies of the biogeochemical mechanisms of organic and inorganic contaminants in the environment through isotope fractionation of stable non-traditional isotopes. She evaluates and optimises methodologies to trace and quantify the spread of Hg from contaminated sediment sites to surrounding sediment and pelagic and benthic biota using Hg stable isotope measurements. |
Dr Isabelle A. M. Worms is a senior scientist of environmental biogeochemistry and ecotoxicology at the University of Geneva. She is a biochemist with a MSc in Molecular Chemistry. Since her PhD, her research interests include (i) understanding the bioavailability of trace metals, (ii) developing AF4-ICP-MS to assess the role of natural organic matter on the binding and dispersion of trace metals in surface water and (iii) identifying key processes involved in nanoparticle stability using quantitative approaches. |
Dr Zoyne Pedrero ZAYAS is a research scientist at the French CNRS appointed at IPREM, CNRS-UPPA. She is an analytical chemist and her work principally focuses on metal speciation (mainly Hg and Se) by hyphenated chromatography based separation mass spectrometry techniques and isotopic analyses in living organisms. Her research interest comprises, among others, the interaction of Hg and Se in biota as well as pollution sources and metabolic processes tracking. |
Dr David Amouroux is a research director at the French CNRS appointed at IPREM, CNRS-UPPA. He is responsible of the Research Unit for Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology. He is an environmental and analytical chemist, specifically interested in the cycling and reactivity of contaminants in the environment. Some of his research lines include: (i) transformations and transfer of mercury, selenium and other metal(loid)s at aquatic environment interfaces and (ii) development of analytical and experimental methods using stable isotopes of trace elements to investigate biogeochemical mechanisms in the environment. |
Dr Vera I. Slaveykova is a full professor at the University of Geneva and president of the School of Earth and Environment Sciences. She works on the development of concepts and tools for a better understanding of the fundamental processes governing the behaviour and impact of trace elements and nanoparticles in the aquatic environments. Her current research interests and portfolio include (i) speciation and bioavailability of trace elements, and nanoparticles in the aquatic environment and (ii) aquatic toxicology of inorganic contaminants and nanoparticles; transcriptomics and metabolomics. |
* Correspondence to: vera.slaveykova@unige.ch
# These authors contributed equally to this paper
Handling Editor: Kevin Wilkinson
Environmental Chemistry 19(4) 104-115 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN22045
Submitted: 1 May 2022 Accepted: 6 June 2022 Published: 8 July 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.
Environmental context. Understanding mercury transformations in the aquatic environment is of utmost importance for the improvement of mercury biogeochemical modelling and sound environmental risk assessment. In such a context, we discuss critically the advancement in the knowledge on the role of the phytoplankton (algae and cyanobacteria) in mercury cycling and transformations in the aquatic environment. Important research advances revealed that different microalgal species and cyanobacteria contribute: to biotic reduction of inorganic mercury to elemental mercury; to demethylation of methylmercury and transformation of inorganic mercury into metacinnabar; and to production of different biomolecules which can contribute to abiotic mercury reduction.
Abstract. Phytoplankton may directly influence biogeochemical cycling and transformations of mercury (Hg) through biotic transformations of the accumulated metal via methylation/demethylation and reduction/oxidation, and indirectly, through the excretion of low and high molecular weight ligands, likely triggering or influencing different abiotic transformation pathways as well as the transformations carried out by bacteria. However, unlike the extensive work already done on the role of bacteria in Hg transformations, the current knowledge about the influence of phytoplankton (algae and cyanobacteria) on such processes is still limited. Critical evaluation of the existing advances in the research topic revealed that different microalgal species and cyanobacteria contribute to the biotic reduction of inorganic mercury (iHg or HgII) into elemental Hg (Hg0), monomethylmercury (MeHg) demethylation and transformation of iHg into metacinnabar. The low and high molecular weight biomolecules released by phytoplankton can complex Hg species and contribute to abiotic mercury reduction. Despite these advances, the underlying mechanisms and their importance in the aquatic environment are to be explored and detailed. The development of novel molecular, stable isotope-based and multi-omics approaches would provide further impetus for the understanding of the key interactions between Hg species and phytoplankton. Such understanding will be of utmost importance for the improvement of Hg biogeochemical modelling, mitigation strategies and rational environmental risk assessment in the changing aquatic environment.
Keywords: algae, cyanobacteria, demethylation, mercury cycling, methylation, methylmercury, oxidation, reduction, speciation.
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