Cyanobacteria produce arsenosugars
Shin-ichi Miyashita A C , Shoko Fujiwara A , Mikio Tsuzuki A B and Toshikazu Kaise A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
B Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan.
C Corresponding author. Present address: Environmental Standards Section, Inorganic Analytical Chemistry Division, National Metrology Institute of Japan, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan. Email: shinichi-miyashita@aist.go.jp
D Deceased November 2009.
Environmental Chemistry 9(5) 474-484 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN12061
Submitted: 24 January 2012 Accepted: 18 September 2012 Published: 9 November 2012
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2012 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Environmental context. Although arsenic is known to accumulate in both marine and freshwater ecosystems, the pathways by which arsenic is accumulated and transferred in freshwater systems are reasonably unknown. This study revealed that freshwater cyanobacteria have the ability to produce arsenosugars from inorganic arsenic compounds. The findings suggest that not only algae, but cyanobacteria, play an important role in the arsenic cycle of aquatic ecosystems.
Abstract. Metabolic processes of incorporated arsenate in axenic cultures of the freshwater cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Nostoc (Anabaena) sp. PCC 7120 were examined. Analyses of arsenic compounds in cyanobacterial extracts using a high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system showed that both strains have an ability to biotransform arsenate into oxo-arsenosugar-glycerol within 20 min through (1) reduction of incorporated arsenate to arsenite and (2) methylation of produced arsenite to dimethylarsinic acid by methylarsonic acid as a possible intermediate product. In addition, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells are able to biosynthesise oxo-arsenosugar-phosphate from incorporated arsenate. These findings suggest that arsenosugar formation as well as arsenic methylation in cyanobacteria possibly play a significant role in the global arsenic cycle.
Additional keywords: arsenic biotransformation, arsenic metabolism, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Nostoc (Anabaena) sp. PCC 7120, photosynthetic prokaryote, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
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