Chemical characterisation of humic-like substances from urban, rural and tropical biomass burning environments using liquid chromatography with UV/vis photodiode array detection and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry
Magda Claeys A F , Reinhilde Vermeylen A , Farhat Yasmeen A D , Yadian Gómez-González A , Xuguang Chi B E , Willy Maenhaut B , Tímea Mészáros C and Imre Salma C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
B Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, Gent, BE-9000 Belgium.
C Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, H-1518 Budapest, PO Box 32, Hungary.
D Present address: Chemistry Department, University of Engineering and Technology, G.T. Road, Lahore 54840, Pakistan.
E Present address: Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, PO Box 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany.
F Corresponding author. Email: magda.claeys@ua.ac.be
Environmental Chemistry 9(3) 273-284 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN11163
Submitted: 18 December 2011 Accepted: 14 April 2012 Published: 20 June 2012
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2012 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Environmental context. One of the most important classes of water-soluble organic compounds in continental fine and tropical biomass burning aerosol is humic-like substances (HULIS), which contain components with strong polar, acidic and chromophoric properties. We focus on the chemical characterisation of HULIS and provide evidence that nitro-aromatic catecholic compounds are among the major species of HULIS. This indicates that volatile aromatic hydrocarbons emitted during biomass burning are important gas-phase precursors for HULIS.
Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) are ubiquitously present in the troposphere and make up a major fraction of continental fine-sized water-soluble organic compounds. They are regarded as material with strong polar, acidic and chromophoric properties; however, structural information at the individual component level is rather limited. In the present study, we have characterised HULIS from different locations using liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detection and negative ion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Aerosol samples with particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) were collected in Budapest and K-puszta, Hungary, during 2007 and 2008 spring and summer periods, and in Rondônia, Brazil, during a 2002 biomass burning experiment. Major components of the Budapest 2007 and Brazil 2002 HULIS corresponded to chromophoric substances, of which 4-nitrocatechol (molecular weight (MW) 155) was identified as the most abundant organic species and less abundant ones were attributed to mono- and dimethyl nitrocatechols (MWs 169 and 183). The mass concentrations of 4-nitrocatechol in the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) of the Budapest 2007 and day- and night-time Brazil 2002 HULIS were 0.46, 0.50 and 1.80 %. Abundant components of K-puszta 2008 HULIS were assigned to α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers, i.e. 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid and terpenylic acid; their mass concentrations in the HULIS WSOC were 0.75 and 0.40 %. Tere- and ortho-phthalic acids (MW 166) were major components of the Budapest and K-puszta HULIS, but only minor ones of the Brazil 2002 biomass burning HULIS, consistent with a source that is different from biomass burning and likely related to open waste burning of phthalate ester-containing material such as plastic.
Additional keywords: α-pinene, secondary organic aerosol, tracer, volatile organic compound.
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