Carbonaceous aerosols in Lvliang, China: seasonal variation, spatial distribution and source apportionment
Xiaofan Li A , Ling Mu
A B * , Tian Liu A , Yangyong Li A , Chuanyang Feng A , Xin Jiang A , Ziye Liu A and Mei Tian A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
B China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
Environmental Chemistry 19(2) 90-99 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN22026
Submitted: 7 April 2022 Accepted: 18 July 2022 Published: 31 August 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.
Environmental context. Lvliang, one of the main cities on the Fenwei Plain, is a key atmospheric pollution prevention area in China. Identification of sources of aerosols is essential to improving environmental air quality in this region. The quantitative source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols performed in this study provides a better understanding of their sources and implications for climate and air-quality management policies in the Fenwei plain.
Rationale. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) are major components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and they are of concern due to their significant impacts on human health and climate.
Methodology. PM2.5 samples were collected daily during four consecutive seasons from 2018 to 2019. This paper highlights the seasonal variations, sources and transport characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol in Lvliang, China.
Results. The OC and EC concentrations exhibited strong seasonal variations, with the highest in winter, mainly due to high pollution caused by winter heating in northern cities, and secondary OC (SOC) contribution. The average OC/EC ratio (1.72) in Lvliang was lower than those in most regions in China, further indicating that this region was greatly affected by primary source emissions. The highest SOC/OC ratio in summer (25.3%) was due to the positive correlation between SOC and temperature. Through the positive matrix factorisation (PMF) model, four sources of carbonaceous aerosols were identified: vehicle emissions (31.26%), coal combustion (30.83%), biomass combustion (24.36%) and dust emissions (13.55%). Potential source contribution function (PSCF) results indicated that in addition to the impact of local emissions, coal emissions from Ningxia and Shaanxi, motor vehicle emissions and biomass from Inner Mongolia and Ningxia and dust from Shaanxi and Henan Provinces were the major contributors to pollution.
Discussion. These data provide key information for formulating emission reduction policies and improving air quality on the Fenwei Plain and highlights the urgent need for inter-regional prevention and control measures for the cities in Lvliang.
Keywords: carbonaceous aerosols, EC, Lvliang, OC, PMF, PSCF, seasonal variations, source apportionment.
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