Tellurium behaviour in a major European fluvial–estuarine system (Gironde, France): fluxes, solid/liquid partitioning and bioaccumulation in wild oysters
Teba Gil-Díaz
A , Jörg Schäfer A C , Lionel Dutruch A , Cécile Bossy A , Frédérique Pougnet A , Melina Abdou A , Antoine Lerat-Hardy A , Clément Pereto A , Hervé Derriennic A , Nicolas Briant B , Teddy Sireau B , Joël Knoery B and Gérard Blanc A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France.
B IFREMER – RBE/BE/Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France.
C Corresponding author. Email: jorg.schafer@u-bordeaux.fr
Environmental Chemistry 16(4) 229-242 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN18226
Submitted: 20 October 2018 Accepted: 7 January 2019 Published: 4 February 2019
Environmental context. The environmental behaviour of tellurium is poorly understood. We investigate the transport of tellurium in both dissolved and particulate forms from the river watershed to the Gironde Estuary, where a 30-year historical record provides insight on tellurium bioaccumulation in wild oysters. These results constitute the first comprehensive study on natural tellurium behaviour in a major fluvial-estuarine system, information essential for predictive modelling of tellurium risk assessment.
Abstract. Tellurium (Te) is a technology critical element (TCE) with largely unknown environmental behaviour, especially in continent-ocean interface systems. The unknown behaviour results from the lack of studies in aquatic environments and from analytical challenges limiting the determination of its naturally low (ultra-trace) environmental levels. We performed a comprehensive study of Te in the Lot–Garonne–Gironde fluvial–estuarine system to better understand seasonal variations, solid/liquid partitioning (Kd), gross fluxes, estuarine dynamics, and transfer to wild oysters at the estuary mouth. A temporal record (2014–2017) of dissolved (Ted) and particulate (Tep) Te concentrations at five sites in the Lot–Garonne River system shows little differences between sites, with average ~0.9 ng L−1 and ~50 µg kg−1 respective concentrations. Watershed Ted and Tep follow parallel seasonal patterns, which result in constant partitioning (log10 Kd ~4.75 L kg−1), with constant annual gross dissolved fluxes (~15.0 kg y−1) and variable gross particulate fluxes (from 6.50 to 140 kg y−1) entering the Gironde Estuary. Estuarine reactivity in contrasting hydrological conditions (from flood to drought) suggest that grain-size effects and/or estuarine hydrological residence times strongly affect Tep behaviour. Historical records (1984–2017) of Te in wild oysters at the estuary mouth vary from 1.33 to 2.89 µg kg−1 dry weight (d.w.), without any clear long-term trend. This study provides rare knowledge on Te environmental dynamics in aquatic systems, and suggests that, although no current anthropogenic sources were identified in the economically developed Lot-Garonne-Gironde fluvial-estuarine system, there is a non-negligible bioaccumulation in wild oysters at the estuary mouth.
Additional keywords: Garonne River, Gironde Estuary, Lot River, RNO/ROCCH, technology critical element.
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