Towards a revised climatology of summertime dimethylsulfide concentrations and sea–air fluxes in the Southern Ocean
Tereza Jarníková A and Philippe D. Tortell A B C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
B Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
C Corresponding author: ptortell@eos.ubc.ca
Environmental Chemistry 13(2) 364-378 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14272
Submitted: 17 December 2014 Accepted: 7 October 2015 Published: 7 January 2016
Environmental context. The trace gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) is emitted from surface ocean waters to the overlying atmosphere, where it forms aerosols that promote cloud formation and influence Earth’s climate. We present an updated climatology of DMS emissions from the vast Southern Ocean, demonstrating how the inclusion of new data yields higher regional sources compared with previously derived values. Our work provides an important step towards better quantifying the oceanic emissions of an important climate-active gas.
Abstract. The Southern Ocean is a dominant source of the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) to the atmosphere. Despite significant improvements in data coverage over the past decade, the most recent global DMS climatology does not include a growing number of high-resolution surface measurements in Southern Ocean waters. Here, we incorporate these high resolution data (~700 000 measurements) into an updated Southern Ocean climatology of summertime DMS concentrations and sea–air fluxes. Owing to sparse monthly data coverage, we derive a single summertime climatology based on December through February means. DMS frequency distributions and oceanographic properties (mixed-layer depth and chlorophyll-a) show good general coherence across these months, providing justification for the use of summertime mean values. The revised climatology shows notable differences with the existing global climatology. In particular, we find increased DMS concentrations and sea–air fluxes south of the Polar Frontal zone (between ~60 and 70°S), and increased sea–air fluxes in mid-latitude waters (40–50°S). These changes are attributable to both the inclusion of new data and the use of region-specific parameters (e.g. data cut-off thresholds and interpolation radius) in our objective analysis. DMS concentrations in the Southern Ocean exhibit weak though statistically significant correlations with several oceanographic variables, including ice cover, mixed-layer depth and chlorophyll-a, but no apparent relationship with satellite-derived measures of phytoplankton photophysiology or taxonomic group abundance. Our analysis highlights the importance of using regional parameters in constructing climatological DMS fields, and identifies regions where additional observations are most needed.
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