Strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum): current status and future role in Australian agriculture
R. W. Smith
A * , B. Penrose B , A. D. Langworthy C , A. W. Humphries D , C. A. Harris E , M. E. Rogers F , P. G. H. Nichols G and R. C. Hayes H
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, Tas. 7250, Australia.
B Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Sandy Bay, Tas. 7001, Australia.
C Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 3523, Burnie, Tas. 7320, Australia.
D South Australian Research and Development Institute, Waite Campus, 2b Hartley Grove, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia.
E New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, 444 Strathbogie Road, Glen Innes, NSW 2370, Australia.
F Agriculture Victoria, Ferguson Road, Tatura, Vic. 3616, Australia.
G School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
H New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22301
Submitted: 5 September 2022 Accepted: 23 January 2023 Published online: 7 March 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.) is periodically raised as an alternative perennial pasture legume for temperate regions of Australia. Its tolerance of waterlogging is widely known, yet its ability to persist through periods of soil moisture deficit is often understated. Other desirable characteristics include its stoloniferous growth habit and tolerance of mildly saline conditions. Only four strawberry clover cultivars have been registered in Australia, and the most popular, cv. Palestine, is a direct introduction, released in 1938 and first certified in 1951. Furthermore, strawberry clover’s distribution has largely been confined to niche environments, particularly waterlogged and saline areas. This paper reviews the taxonomy and breeding system, morphology, distribution and ecology, and subsequent transfer of strawberry clover to Australia. It reviews and maps the suitability of strawberry clover for perennial pasture systems in the medium–-high rainfall and irrigated temperate zones of Australia, with reference to future climates. The paper also highlights the breeding focus, commercialisation and marketing required to supersede cv. Palestine and lists the germplasm available in the Australian Pastures Genebank, with origins. We conclude that, although strawberry clover is unlikely to become a dominant perennial pasture legume species in Australia, it could be used in a wider range of environments than just those affected by salinity and/or waterlogging stress.
Keywords: cultivars, germplasm, legumes, pastures, perennial, review, stress tolerance, suitability, waterlogging.
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