Reducing enteric methane of ruminants in Australian grazing systems – a review of the role for temperate legumes and herbs
Warwick Badgery
A * , Guangdi Li B , Aaron Simmons C , Jennifer Wood D , Rowan Smith E , David Peck F , Lachlan Ingram G , Zoey Durmic H , Annette Cowie I , Alan Humphries F , Peter Hutton H , Emma Winslow J , Phil Vercoe H and Richard Eckard K
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, 1447 Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia.
B NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
C NSW Department of Primary Industries, 98 Victoria Street, Taree, NSW 2430, Australia.
D NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW 2340, Australia.
E Mt Pleasant Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, 165 Westbury Road, Prospect, Tas. 7250, Australia.
F Australian Pastures Genebank, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia.
G NSW Department of Primary Industries, 28 Morisset Street, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia.
H UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western, Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
I NSW Department of Primary Industries/University of New England, Trevenna Road, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
J Department of Primary Industries and Regions, Government of South Australia, 74 Struan House Road, Naracoorte, SA 5271, Australia.
K Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.
Crop & Pasture Science - https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22299
Submitted: 31 August 2022 Accepted: 23 January 2023 Published online: 20 February 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
In Australia, 71% of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are enteric methane (CH4), mostly produced by grazing sheep and cattle. Temperate low CH4 yielding legumes and herbs can mitigate enteric CH4 production, but system-level GHG emissions need to be considered. The aims of the study were to: (1) devise a framework to assess GHG reductions when introducing low CH4 yielding species; (2) assess mechanisms of CH4 reduction in temperate legume and herb species for Australia; (3) use a case study to demonstrate expected changes to system-level GHG emissions with the introduction of low CH4 yielding legumes; and (4) identify knowledge gaps and research priorities. Results demonstrate lowering emissions intensity (kg CO2-equivalent/kg product) is crucial to mitigate GHG emissions, but livestock productivity is also important. Several pasture species have anti-methanogenic properties, but responses often vary considerably. Of the species investigated biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) has great potential to reduce enteric CH4 emissions, but in a case study its emission intensity was similar to subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) but higher than lucerne (Medicago sativa). We conclude that there are temperate legumes and herbs with anti-methanogenic properties, and/or high productivity that could reduce total CH4 emissions and emissions intensity of ruminant livestock production. There is also great diversity in some plant genotypes that can be exploited, and this will be aided by more detailed understanding of plant secondary compounds associated with CH4 reduction. This review suggests an opportunity to formulate pasture species mixtures to achieve reduced CH4 emissions with greater or equal livestock production.
Keywords: bioactive plants, grazing systems, greenhouse gas reduction, herbs, legumes, livestock production, methane emissions, temperate pastures.
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