Potential use of random and linked SSR markers in establishing the true heterotic pattern in maize (Zea mays)
Sumit Kumar A # , Abhijit Kumar Das
A # * , Ritu Naliath A , Ramesh Kumar A , Chikkappa G. Karjagi B , Javaji C. Sekhar C , Mukesh Vayas D , K. R. Yathish C , Alla Singh A , Ganapati Mukri E and Sujay Rakshit A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
B Delhi Unit, ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India.
C Winter Nursery Centre (WNC), ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), Hyderabad, India.
D Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology (MPUA&T), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
E ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India.
* Correspondence to: das.myself@gmail.com
# These authors contributed equally to this paper
Handling Editor: Zed Rengel
Crop & Pasture Science 73(12) 1345-1353 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP21376
Submitted: 2 June 2021 Accepted: 18 May 2022 Published: 1 July 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Establishment of true heterotic pattern in maize germplasm can increase the efficiency of hybrid breeding. Heterosis is dependent on the genetic diversity of parents and the extent of dominance at different loci. Estimation of genetic diversity through use of molecular markers is routine practice in maize breeding.
Aims: The present study was designed to test whether simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to yield-contributing traits are more reliable for heterotic grouping than random SSRs.
Methods: Diallel crosses developed among 19 inbred lines were evaluated at multi-locations. The genotypes were also grouped using polymorphic random (50) and linked (47) SSRs.
Key results: The crosses generated with lines belonging to different heterotic groups of linked SSR markers did not reveal any superiority over the crosses of the diallel set. By contrast, mean performance of inter-heterotic group crosses generated on the basis of random markers was superior to that of intra-heterotic crosses. Specific combining ability effects did not reveal any significant association with genetic distance of random or linked markers.
Conclusions: The lack of improved efficiency of linked markers over random markers can be attributed to factors including the quantitative nature of the trait, genotype × environment interactions, genetic background of germplasm in which the markers are expressed, and multiple alleles.
Implications: Markers linked to yield-contributing traits are no more reliable for heterotic grouping than random markers.
Keywords: BLUP, diallel cross, heterotic grouping, linked SSR, maize, random SSR, SCA, yield.
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