Phenotypic and genotypic signature of saponin chemical composition in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja): revealing genetic diversity, geographical variation and dispersal history of the species
Yuya Takahashi A , Xiang-Hua Li A , Chigen Tsukamoto B C and Ke-Jing Wang A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
B Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
C Corresponding authors. Email: chigen@iwate-u.ac.jp; wangkj@caas.net.cn
Crop and Pasture Science 69(11) 1126-1139 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP18214
Submitted: 10 February 2018 Accepted: 4 September 2018 Published: 24 October 2018
Abstract
Saponin chemical composition was phenotyped and genotyped, and saponin composition-based geographical genetic diversity and differentiation were evaluated in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.). Thirty-two phenotypes and 34 genotypes were confirmed from 3805 wild soybean accessions. Eleven phenotypes (AaαK, AaαIK, AaαIJK, AaBcEαJ, AaBcαK, AbEαIJ, AbαK, AbαIK, AbαIJK, AbβHAb and Aβ0) were newly detected. Four genes had frequencies: Sg-1a 78.8% and Sg-1b 21.0% at the Sg-1 locus; Sg-4 30.7% and Sg-6e 13.7% at their respective loci. The north-eastern and southern populations showed high genetic diversity; the Northeast region contained more novel variants (AuAe, A0, A0Bc, αH, αI αJ, αK, and AbβHAb), and the southern populations contained high frequencies of the Sg-4 gene. Gene differentiation (Fst) analysis suggested that Sg-4 and four group-α saponin alleles or genes (Sg-6e, Sg-6h, Sg-6i, Sg-6j) were important factors influencing the genetic structure and differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans. Geographical differentiation was characterised mainly by latitudinal differences, with two primary groups (north and south) based on saponin genes. Chinese wild soybean accessions differed from Japanese and South Korean ones in genetic structure based on saponin composition, the latter two being likely to have spread from southern China in the glacial stages during the last Ice Age.
Additional keywords: geographical differentiation, polymorphism, soyasaponin.
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