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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 57(8)

Soil microbial biomass, labile and total carbon levels of grazed sown and native pastures in northern New South Wales

G. M. Lodge A C and K. L. King B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW 2340, Australia.

B School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.

C Corresponding author. Email: greg.lodge@dpi.nsw.gov.au

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57(8) 837-845 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR05337
Submitted: 20 October 2005  Accepted: 27 March 2006   Published: 9 August 2006

Abstract

Studies were conducted at 3 pasture sites in northern New South Wales to examine the effects of grazing treatments over 4 years (spring 1997 to spring 2001) on soil microbial biomass carbon (C), labile C, total C, and total nitrogen (N). These data were collected (0–0.05 m soil depth) at 9 sampling times in 2 replicates of 5 (native pastures) or 4 (a sown pasture) grazing treatments and examined for differences over time using cubic spline analyses. For each site, differences among grazing treatments were also examined in spring 2001 for herbage, litter, and root mass (kg DM/ha), ground cover (%), and perennial grass basal cover (%). Indices were also calculated for the C pool index (CPI), lability index (LI), a carbon management index (CMI), and the microbial quotient. Relationships among microbial biomass C, labile C, total organic C, CPI, LI, CMI, microbial quotient, herbage mass, litter mass, and ground cover were examined by linear regression and correlation analyses.

For each of the sites, treatment differences in the linear trend over time for soil microbial biomass C, labile C, total organic C, or total N were not significantly different (P > 0.05). In spring 2001, (4 years after treatments commenced) there were also no significant effects of treatments within sites on soil total organic C and none of the indices (lability of C, CPI, LI, CMI, or the microbial quotient) indicated any distinct trends among treatments. However, in spring 2001, there were significant (P < 0.05) treatment effects at both native pasture sites for herbage mass, litter mass, and ground cover. Similarly, in autumn 2001, herbage mass, root mass, and perennial grass basal cover were lowest (P < 0.05) in the continuously grazed high-stocking rate treatment at the sown pasture site. For all data, microbial biomass C was 10.35% of labile C and labile C was 21.60% of total C. From autumn 1998 to spring 2001, labile C was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with total C (r = 0.72) and in spring 2001, these 2 variables were also highly correlated (r = 0.98).

Additional keywords: total nitrogen, microbial quotient, grazing treatments, herbage mass, litter mass, root mass, ground cover.


Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Tarnya Christian (in 1997 and 1998), Brian Roworth, and Michael Honess in collecting and processing the soil samples, and Steven Harden in the statistical analyses of the data. We also thank Judith Kenny, Plant Nutrition Analytical Facility, University of New England, Armidale, for analysing the labile C samples. These studies were conducted as part of the Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) Key Program, a joint collaboration between the NSW Department of Primary Industries (formerly NSW Agriculture), Meat & Livestock Australia, Land & Water Australia and other agencies.


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